Continuity and change in the lithic industries of the Jurreru Valley, India, before and after the Toba eruption

Clarkson, Chris; Jones, Sacha; Harris, Clair

doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2011.11.007

Cited by 63 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The Toba super-eruption in Sumatra (ca. 74 ka; [46]) seems to have induced few changes in hunter-gatherer adaptations in, for example, the distal Jurreru Valley in India [82], [83], even though ashfall there was also substantial. However, despite being one of the largest volcanic events during the late Pleistocene, Toba is perhaps not the most appropriate analogy for the effects of the CI super-eruption [48], since the equatorial location of the eruption result in tephra predominantly falling over the ocean would have induced different environmental impacts [48], [85]; furthermore, the temporal resolution of the archaeological record there is low [48].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Campanian Ignimbrite Eruption: New Data on Volcanic Ash Dispersal and Its Potential Impact on Human Evolution

et al. 2013

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The Campanian Ignimbrite (CI) volcanic eruption was the most explosive in Europe in the last 200,000 years. The event coincided with the onset of an extremely cold climatic phase known as Heinrich Event 4 (HE4) approximately 40,000 years ago. Their combined effect may have exacerbated the severity of the climate through positive feedbacks across Europe and possibly globally. The CI event is of particular interest not only to investigate the role of volcanism on climate forcing and palaeoenvironments, but also because its timing coincides with the arrival into Europe of anatomically modern humans, the demise of Neanderthals, and an associated major shift in lithic technology. At this stage, however, the degree of interaction between these factors is poorly known, based on fragmentary and widely dispersed data points. In this study we provide important new data from Eastern Europe which indicate that the magnitude of the CI eruption and impact of associated distal ash (tephra) deposits may have been substantially greater than existing models suggest. The scale of the eruption is modelled by tephra distribution and thickness, supported by local data points. CI ashfall extends as far as the Russian Plain, Eastern Mediterranean and northern Africa. However, modelling input is limited by very few data points in Eastern Europe. Here we investigate an unexpectedly thick CI tephra deposit in the southeast Romanian loess steppe, positively identified using geochemical and geochronological analyses. We establish the tephra as a widespread primary deposit, which blanketed the topography both thickly and rapidly, with potentially catastrophic impacts on local ecosystems. Our discovery not only highlights the need to reassess models for the magnitude of the eruption and its role in climatic transition, but also suggests that it may have substantially influenced hominin population and subsistence dynamics in a region strategic for human migration into Europe.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Campanian Ignimbrite Eruption: New Data on Volcanic Ash Dispersal and Its Potential Impact on Human Evolution

et al. 2013

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“…13,14: unidirectional convergent Levallois cores; 15,16: Levallois points with unidirectional convergent preparation . 17–20, Late Middle Paleolithic lithics from Jwalapurum 3 and 20, India, ∼55‐30 ka, 17: centripetally prepared preferential Levallois core; 18: recurrent centripetal Levallois core; 19, 20: Levallois flakes . 21–27: Early Upper Paleolithic lithics from the Levant, ∼ 40 ka.…”

Section: Archeological Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

Rethinking the dispersal of Homo sapiens out of Africa

Groucutt

Petraglia

Bailey

et al. 2015

Evolutionary Anthropology

282

107

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Current fossil, genetic, and archeological data indicate that Homo sapiens originated in Africa in the late Middle Pleistocene. By the end of the Late Pleistocene, our species was distributed across every continent except Antarctica, setting the foundations for the subsequent demographic and cultural changes of the Holocene. The intervening processes remain intensely debated and a key theme in hominin evolutionary studies. We review archeological, fossil, environmental, and genetic data to evaluate the current state of knowledge on the dispersal of Homo sapiens out of Africa. The emerging picture of the dispersal process suggests dynamic behavioral variability, complex interactions between populations, and an intricate genetic and cultural legacy. This evolutionary and historical complexity challenges simple narratives and suggests that hybrid models and the testing of explicit hypotheses are required to understand the expansion of Homo sapiens into Eurasia.

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“…James and Petraglia, 2005;Jones and Pal, 2009;Clarkson et al, 2012). This occurred after MIS 5, and the basic pattern of technological continuity before and after the Toba eruption has been described in several publications Jones and Pal, 2009;Haslam et al, 2012;Clarkson et al, 2012;Jones, 2012).…”

Section: The Middle Palaeolithic Of South Asiamentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Wurz (2013) likewise emphasises the localised nature of cultural evolutionary trajectories in South Africa. As described in SOM 1, Clarkson has used Discriminant Function Analysis to suggest similarities between South African and South Asian Middle Palaeolithic core forms Clarkson et al, 2012). Given the huge distance separating assemblages in these two areas, it is possible that the perceived similarities reflect convergent evolution or that further assemblages from East Africa need to be included in comparisons.…”

Section: The Middle Palaeolithic Of South Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

Stone tool assemblages and models for the dispersal of Homo sapiens out of Africa

Groucutt

Scerri

Lewis

et al. 2015

Quaternary International

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Continuity and change in the lithic industries of the Jurreru Valley, India, before and after the Toba eruption

Cited by 63 publications

References 31 publications

The Campanian Ignimbrite Eruption: New Data on Volcanic Ash Dispersal and Its Potential Impact on Human Evolution

The Campanian Ignimbrite Eruption: New Data on Volcanic Ash Dispersal and Its Potential Impact on Human Evolution

Rethinking the dispersal of Homo sapiens out of Africa

Stone tool assemblages and models for the dispersal of Homo sapiens out of Africa

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