Continuity and Variation in Chinese Patterns of Socialization

Ho, Dcw

doi:10.2307/352376

Cited by 134 publications

(116 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In Chinese society, the preschool child is treated with leniency and indulgence. Young children are considered to be incapable of understanding things and therefore not punished for misbehavior (Ho, 1989 ). Instead, a lot of direction and guidance is given regarding the appropriate behavior (Cheah & Rubin, 2003.…”

Section: Immigrant S Ocialization Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Social Development of Immigrant Children: A Focus on Asian and Hispanic Children in the United States

Cheah

Leung

2010

The Wiley‐Blackwell Handbook of Childhood Social Development

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Section: Immigrant S Ocialization Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Social Development of Immigrant Children: A Focus on Asian and Hispanic Children in the United States

Cheah

Leung

2010

The Wiley‐Blackwell Handbook of Childhood Social Development

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“…For example, Ho and Kang (1984) reported that changes in paternal attitudes toward filial piety in Hong Kong are in evidence between only two generations, which is a very short time span indeed in terms of cultural change. Yet, in a review of the literature on Chinese patterns of socialization, Ho (1989) concluded that: "Despite important variations across geopolitical boundaries, common features that are distinctively Chinese in character may be discerned; and despite undeniable changes over time, continuity with the traditional pattern of socialization is preserved among the Chinese of today" (p. 160). These studies prompt us to regard culture as both malleable and resilient: malleable because it is modifiable by both internal and external influences, and resilient because cultural traditions show a remarkable capacity to survive and preserve their continuity over time.…”

Section: Cultures In Transitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For continuities with, and departures from, cultural tradition may differ radically, depending on geographical location. Furthermore, important variables, such as age, sex, and socioeconomic class, interact with both temporal and spatial variables, thus giving rise to variation in continuities and departures (Ho, 1989).…”

Section: Cultures In Transitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Internalized Culture, Culturocentrism, and Transcendence

1995

The Counseling Psychologist

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Internalized culture is introduced as a psychological, rather than anthropological, construct most useful to counselors. It addresses explicitly both between-group and within-group variations resulting from individual differences in enculturation, and helps to sensitize counselors against overgeneralization and stereotyping. An explication of the construct leads to the problem of defining cultural boundaries. Serious difficulties in definition arise especially when three classes of phenomena are encountered: cultures in transition, cultures in contact, and bienculturation and multienculturation. Arguments are presented to advance the thesis that there is a basic continuity from intracultural to intercultural understanding. In a sense, all interpersonal encounters are cross-cultural in nature. Accordingly, all counseling requires an awareness of cultural processes and the transcendence of one's internalized culture.

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“…It seems that a norm of parent leniency is followed by harshness. Mothers and fathers are indulgent towards infants and preschoolers but when a child reaches school age, the disposition of parents shifts to favoring enforcement of strict discipline which is viewed as a requirement for scholastic achievement (Ho, 1989). Other researches balance this portrayal by describing their observation that, compared to the past, the parents of one child spend more time with them, try to build better communication, and more frequently assist with homework Poston & Falbo 1990;Zhia, 1991).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The small family in China

Strom

Xie

1995

IJEC

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I y a une speculation que la politique d'nn enfant ala Chine change les experances des parents urbains.Cette etude est conduite atrouver des avis de la generation premiere que elever un seul enfant au sujet de ce role non-traditionel. Un exemple des 150 meres et peres d'un enfant de 6 Ii 13 ans ont tini Ie Questionnaire de Parent Forces et Besoins qui decrit six aspects d'etre parent: la satisfaction, Ie sueees, I'enseignement, la difficulte, la frustration, et Ie besoin des informations. On a examine les propres impressions par rapport au sexe des parents et des enfants. Les resultats comprennent: 1. La plupart des parents sentenaient qu'ils ont fait un bon travaille pour elever leur seul enfant. 2. Chaque sous-groupe parental a identifie I'enseignement comme leur force et Ie manque des informations concernant I'experience a grandir de leur enfant comme leur limitation principale. 3. Les meres croyaient qu'eUes avaient plus de succes; et les peres, par contraste, pensaient qu'ils avaient moins de succes. 4. Les peres d'aujourd'hui sont plus engages dans Ie soin des enfants et dans I'instruction aux enfants que les peres d'autrefois. 5. Les parents des fils connaissaient plus des difficultes et deceptions que les parents des tilles, et 6. Une eress-sexe relation a influence quelques aspects pour elever les enfants, particulierement, I'enseignement.Existe un gran interes en determinar como la legislacion que, en China, limita a los matrimonios a tener un solo hijo, esta cambiando las expectativas de los padres que habitan centres urbanos. Este estudio fue conducido para determina como la primera generacion que cria un solo nHio, percibe esa funclon no tradicional. Un grupo de 150 mad res y padres de hijos unicos, entre las edades de 6 a 13 anos, completaron el "Inventario de Idoneidad y Necesidades Paternas", que describe seis aspectos inherentes a los padres: satisticeion, suceso, enseftanza, diticultad, frustration y neeesidad de informacion. Las impresiones personales fueron evaluadas teniendo en cuenta el sexo de cada padre y cada nino. Las conclusiones arribadas indicaron que: 1. La mayoria de los padres consideran que estan haciendo un buen trabajo on criar un solo nHio; 2. Cad a subgrupo de padres, considera que ensenar es su area de mayor eonocimiento, y la falta de experiencia acerea del crecimiento de los ninos, su mayor Iimitacion; 3. Las mad res, en general, se consideran mas exltosas en su cometido que 10 que se consideran los padres; 4. Los hombres se envuelven en la instruccion y euidado del nino, muebo mas que los padres del pasado; 5. Los padres criando varones experimentaron dificultades y fructraciones mas grandes que aqueUos eriando ninas; y 6. La relacion de padres a hijos de sexo opuesto, influencia ciertos aspectos de la crianza, partieularmente, el de la ensenanza. Traditional Expectations and EmergingViews of Raising Children in Urban China. During the past generation new policies in the People's Republic of China have brought profound changes in the standard of living, family size and sta...

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Continuity and Variation in Chinese Patterns of Socialization

Cited by 134 publications

References 25 publications

The Social Development of Immigrant Children: A Focus on Asian and Hispanic Children in the United States

The Social Development of Immigrant Children: A Focus on Asian and Hispanic Children in the United States

Internalized Culture, Culturocentrism, and Transcendence

The small family in China

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