Continuity or Discontinuity? Evaluating the Changing Socio-Spatial Structure of the City of Tshwane, South Africa

Hamann, Christian; Horn, André

doi:10.1007/s12132-014-9231-7

Cited by 18 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The official repeal of the Group Areas Act of 1950 (Act 41)an Act that instituted the separate socio-spatial development of the country"s cities by raceallowed for the now free movement of the whole South African population and, at least theoretically, desegregation. More than twenty years into democracy and South Africa"s urban spatial transformation has been described as sluggish (Hamann & Horn, 2015) and idiosyncratic (Harrison, & Todes, 2015). Desegregation that has occurred has mainly taken place in poorer inner-city areas driven largely by rural-urban migration; or in middle to higher income former Whites-only neighborhoods on the urban periphery driven by class and the markets.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The geographical focus area of this study, Tshwane 2 , has remained highly segregated (see Figure 1) and in some regions of the city segregation has in fact increased over the past twenty years (Hamman & Horn, 2015). This is mainly a result of socio-economic circumstances which have limited the ability of particularly the Black African population to move into more affluent former Whites-only neighborhoods (see Hamann & Horn, 2015) and the retreat of particularly the White population into gated neighborhoods (Breetzke, Landman & Cohn, 2014). The city of Tshwane is the capital city of South Africa and is located in the central Gauteng province.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The concentration of urban crime in space by race: evidence from South Africa

Breetzke

2018

Urban Geography

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Crime inequality in neighborhoods by race is commonly blamed on social inequalities borne out of segregation and economic discrimination. South Africa is a country synonymous with racial-spatial segregation and discrimination as a result of legislatively enforced policies of the former apartheid government. This study examines whether urban crime inequalities by race exist in the city of Tshwane, South Africa and applies the social disorganization theory to identify the empirical causes of these crime inequalities. Violent and sexual crime was found to concentrate in Black African neighborhoods, while property crime was concentrated in neighborhoods classified as "Mixed". The causes of crime in neighborhoods were found to vary across racial groups with results suggesting non-uniformity in the extent to which the various social disorganization constructs impact crime based on race. The results of this study challenge the notion that segregation and economic discrimination uniformly impacts affected communities. Explanations for the descriptive and empirical findings are provided in the context of an increasingly eclectic post-apartheid South African city.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The concentration of urban crime in space by race: evidence from South Africa

Breetzke

2018

Urban Geography

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“…Middle class flight, declining social, indirect racial segregation and spatial marginalisation are commonly regarded as attributes of hypersegregation (Massey et al 1994). Although the underlying cause of poverty often stems from material deprivation and income inequality, it manifests as hypersegregation, class-based segregation which generally is racially distinctive and peripherally located (Hamann and Horn 2015).…”

Section: Hypersegregation and Class-based Segregationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypersegregation and Class-Based Segregation Processes in Cape Town 2001–2011

Geyer

Mohammed

2015

Urban Forum

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Evidence indicates that class-based segregation is replacing racial segregation in South Africa. However, it is also suggested that hypersegregation, being indirect racial and economic segregation of poor neighbourhoods due to selective outmigration is occurring. The study analyses whether hypersegregation and class-based segregation is occurring in the Cape Town municipal area, what causal factors could possibly contribute to these trends and the descriptive characteristics of these processes. The study employs descriptive statistics to determine whether changes in neighbourhood characteristics fit the characteristics of hypersegregation and class-based segregation theories and spatial analysis to determine whether poverty and wealth is clustering. The study also uses multivariate statistics to find significant correlations between observed poverty levels, segregation characteristics and possible causal factors. The findings indicate that differences in neighbourhood poverty levels is widening, and extreme poverty neighbourhoods and low poverty neighbourhoods are clustering spatially and polarising from each other. Descriptive statistics indicate that neighbourhood characteristics fit the descriptions of hypersegregation and class-based segregation and that neighbourhood changes can be linked to housing ecology and subcultural variables as possible causal factors. However, multivariate districts indicate that although there is a significant correlation with the economic characteristics of class-based segregation, there is no significant relationship between poverty levels and racial segregation. Hypersegregation and class-based segregation is economic in nature, not racial. Finally multivariate statistics also indicate the significance of housing ecology and subcultural variables as possible causal factors in class-based segregated neighbourhoods, whilst housing ecology factors alone is significantly correlated to hypersegregation.

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“…Whilst racial segregation has long been a characteristic of South African cities as a result of industrialisation, segregation and apartheid eras, today some speak of 'new segregation' referring to a shift from race to class as the basis of residential segregation -whilst the two remain strongly interlinkedand from state to market as the regulating party (Hamann & Horn 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Racial desegregation was faster in inner cities than within white suburban spaces themselves. But inner cities also began to undergo resegregation (Hamann & Horn 2014) 2 . Inner cities and the inner city of Johannesburg in particular have also been a key destination to migrants from the continent since the 1990s and have become known for xenophobia towards the black African other (Landau 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Faith community as a centre of liberationist praxis in the city

Hankela

2014

HTS Teologiese Studies / Theological Studies

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Theologians speak of the silence of churches’ prophetic voice in the ‘new’ South Africa, whilst the country features amongst the socio-economically most unequal countries in the world, and the urban areas in particular continue to be characterised by segregation. In this context I ask: where is liberation theology? I spell out my reading of some of the recent voices in the liberationist discourse. In dialogue with these scholars I, firstly, argue for the faith community to be made a conscious centre of liberationist debates and praxis. Secondly, I do this by suggesting two theoretical building blocks (i.e. critical deconstruction and radical friendship) for local faith communities that wish to grow in a liberationist fashion.

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Continuity or Discontinuity? Evaluating the Changing Socio-Spatial Structure of the City of Tshwane, South Africa

Cited by 18 publications

References 35 publications

The concentration of urban crime in space by race: evidence from South Africa

The concentration of urban crime in space by race: evidence from South Africa

Hypersegregation and Class-Based Segregation Processes in Cape Town 2001–2011

Faith community as a centre of liberationist praxis in the city

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