Background: Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is defined as an ascitic polymorphonuclear cell count (A-PMN) > 250 cells/ml. Objective: We aimed to investigate the prognostic value of ascitic fluid cell counts in patients without SBP. Patients and methods: A total of 178 patients were included and stratified by ascitic cell counts at index paracentesis: A-LEUK-low (<250/ml), A-LEUK-intermediate (250-500/ml) and A-LEUK-SBP (>500/ml) for leukocytes; A-PMN-low (<125/ml), A-PMN-intermediate (125-250/ml) and A-PMN-SBP (>250/ml) for PMN cells. Results: One-year mortality was comparable between group A-LEUK-SBP (53.9%) and patients with subclinical cell counts (34.5% for A-LEUK-low, 43.5% for A-LEUK-intermediate, log-rank p ¼ 0.547). However, we observed an increase in one-year mortality already in group A-PMN-intermediate with 75% and A-PMN-SBP with 80.9% (vs 40.5% for A-PMN-low, log-rank p ¼ 0.016). Importantly, increases of A-PMN cell counts between two paracenteses were associated with increased mortality: per 100 cells/ml increase of absolute A-PMN cell count: hazard ratio (HR): 1.03 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01-1.06), p ¼ 0.005; per 5% increase of relative PMN cell count: HR: 1.15 (95% CI: 1.06-1.26), p ¼ 0.001. Conclusion: Patients with PMN cell counts of 125-250/ml are at high risk for mortality, which was very similar to SBP patients with PMN cell counts >250/ml. This highlights the need for preventive strategies. The prognostic value of changes in relative ascitic PMN cell counts should be evaluated in future studies.
Key summary1. Summary a. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is the most frequent infection among patients with cirrhosis and ascites. b. SBP is defined by an ascitic polymorphonuclear (A-PMN) cell count higher than 250/ml in the absence of an intraabdominal source of infection. c. Development of bacteriascites was associated with an increase of relative A-PMN cell counts.