Continuous and scalable synthesis of a porous organic cage by twin screw extrusion (TSE)

Abstract

<p>Twin screw extrusion (TSE) is demonstrated as an alternative synthetic method for preparing a prolific porous organic cage.</p>

Tribochemistry, Mechanical Alloying, Mechanochemistry: What is in a Name?

“…To date, mechanochemical approaches being applied to transformations from across the chemical sciences have been reported, spanning from the synthesis of inorganic and organic compounds [including those as complex as peptides ( Hernández et al, 2017 ; Maurin et al, 2017 )] through to the preparation of large porous frameworks such as metal-organic frameworks [MOFs( Stolar et al, 2017 ; Stolar and Užarević, 2020 ; Wang et al, 2020 ; Zhou et al, 2020 ; Głowniak et al, 2021 ; Stolar et al, 2021 )]. Moreover, the scale of mechanochemical reactions has ranged from the mechanical manipulation of single atoms and molecules (predominantly, synthetic and natural polymers) using atomic force microscopy ( Kaupp, 2009 ; Ribas-Arino and Marx, 2012 ; Makarov, 2016 ; Li et al, 2017 ) to the induction of reactions in multi-component inorganic and organic powder mixtures in ball milling reactors or extruders ( Iwasaki et al, 2010 ; Am Ende et al, 2014 ; Oliveira et al, 2017 ; Andersen and Mack, 2018b ; Egleston et al, 2020 ). Alongside synthetic covalent chemical reactions, a wide range of supramolecular assemblies have been also prepared by mechanical treatment, including cocrystals and salts ( Myz et al, 2009 ; Weyna et al, 2009 ; Friščić, 2012 ; Myz et al, 2012 ; Braga et al, 2013 ; Hasa et al, 2015 ), as well as non-covalently bound mechano-composites such as drug delivery devices comprising active pharmaceutical ingredients with excipients ( Shakhtshneider et al, 2007 ; Shakhtshneider et al, 2014a ; Shakhtshneider et al, 2014b ; Lomovsky et al, 2017 ; Ogienko et al, 2018 ; Bychkov et al, 2019 ; Adekenov et al, 2020 ; Skripkina et al, 2020 ).…”

SO2 Capture Using Porous Organic Cages

“… [31] In the past few years, significant progress has also been made on scaling up specific POC materials, through processes including in batch, [32] flow syntheses, [33] microwave‐assisted synthesis [34] and twin screw extrusion. [35] …”

Melt-quenched porous organic cage glasses

“…In addition to being able to cast directly from the liquid state without the use of solvent, such glasses could also be recyclable and re-castable, opening up a new processing route to molecular glasses with size-selective pores and tuneable porosity. Finally, the formation of POCs, and in particular CC3-Sthe precursor to RCC3-S used to form the glasses studied, is highly scalable by both twin-screw extrusion 50 and in ow 51 from commercially available precursors, which will hopefully enable further research into processing these materials into porous molecular glasses.…”