Continuous catalytic hydrothermal gasification of algal biomass and case study on toxicity of aluminum as a step toward effluents recycling

Bagnoud-Velásquez, Mariluz; Brandenberger, Martin; Vogel, Frédéric; Ludwig, Christian

doi:10.1016/j.cattod.2013.12.001

Cited by 49 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Presence of the nickel catalyst had also decreased the tar formation. A similar study has been performed by Bagnoud-Velá squez et al [96] on the effluent recycling and the catalytic gasification of a microalgae sample, Phaeodactylum tricornutum. In a continuous reactor, for a 6.5 wt% algae concentration, they were able to obtain 31% carbon gasification efficiency at 420 °C and 32.3 MPa in the presence of Ru/C catalysts.…”

Section: Algaementioning

confidence: 83%

Supercritical Water Gasification of Biomass: A Literature and Technology Overview

Yakaboylu

Harinck

Smit³

et al. 2015

Energies

182

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Abstract:The supercritical water gasification process is an alternative to both conventional gasification as well as anaerobic digestion as it does not require drying and the process takes place at much shorter residence times; a few minutes at most. The drastic changes in the thermo-physical properties of water from the liquid state to the supercritical state make it a promising technology for the efficient conversion of wet biomass into a product gas that after upgrading can be used as substitute natural gas. The earliest research goes back as far as the 1970s and since then, supercritical water has been the subject of many research works in the field of thermochemical conversion of wet biomass. This article reviews the state of the art of the supercritical water gasification technology starting from the thermophysical properties of water and the chemistry of reactions to the process challenges of such a biomass based supercritical water gasification process plant.

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Section: Algaementioning

confidence: 83%

Supercritical Water Gasification of Biomass: A Literature and Technology Overview

Yakaboylu

Harinck

Smit³

et al. 2015

Energies

182

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Accordingly at the higher temperature conditions used for SCW-gasification (SCWG), hydrocarbons break down into a mixture of H 2 , CO, and methane on the time scale of minutes. [37][38][39][40][41][42][43] Comparing Figure 1 with the temperature-varying properties of water near its critical point is instructive. At room temperature, water is a polar solvent characterized by a high dielectric constant (78) and ion product of 1x10 -14 .…”

Section: Htw Technologies and The Water Phase Diagrammentioning

confidence: 99%

Upgrading and desulfurization of heavy oils by supercritical water

Timko

Ghoniem

Green

2015

The Journal of Supercritical Fluids

132

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Supercritical water upgrading (SCWU) of heavy oils reduces sulfur content and decreases average molecular weight, without rejecting carbon as coke products. Despite many years of industrial and academic scrutiny, many fundamental questions remain in the field: intrinsic reaction rates and mechanisms; the role of water; the need for catalysts; the importance of phase behavior and mixing. In 2009, MIT initiated a SCWU research program aimed at improving the understanding of the relevant physical, chemical, and catalytic phenomena. This overview summarizes the work performed at MIT within the historical context of SCWU with a particular focus on new kinetic rate measurements and modeling, reaction mechanism analysis, catalyst investigation, and combined mass/heat transport modeling of hydrocarbon/water mixtures. Kinetic rate measurements showed that sulfide decomposition during SCWU is consistent with a radical chain reaction pathway. Mechanistic studies and product distribution analysis identified that sulfide decomposition likely occurs via thioaldehyde and aldehyde intermediates and that water plays important roles in thioaldehyde hydrolysis (as a reactant) and aldehyde decarbonylation (as a catalyst). Catalytic investigation found that ZnO has potential to improve sulfur removal during SCWU, without addition of molecular hydrogen. Mixing studies revealed the complex dynamic processes that occur when hydrocarbons are injected into near or supercritical water. The article concludes with a summary of research needs and thoughts on the future of SCWU.

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“…This is considered the highest CGE reported for such a concentration of organic materials in a continuous system of this scale. Other results obtained from previous works included small‐scale systems 41, diluted streams 42, or the use of a heterogeneous catalyst 43, 44. The maximum duration of operation achieved in this unit was 11 h. Here, it is worth mentioning that some of the early experiments to test the efficiency and durability of operation were conducted in another unit with a comparable configuration 40, 45.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Gasification of Microalgae Using Supercritical Water and the Potential of Effluent Recycling

et al. 2016

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The gasification of microalgae in supercritical water was investigated in this work. The product gas contained mainly H2, CO2, CH4, and C2H6. Operation at high temperatures and lower biomass concentrations resulted in the highest carbon gasification efficiency and the lowest total organic carbon levels in the residual water. Due to its content of inorganic nutrients, the residual water was applied as cultivation medium for microalgae. However, algal growth in the untreated residual water was inhibited by the existence of potentially toxic substances evolved from gasification. Upon treatment by activated carbon filtration and ultraviolet light degradation, these substances were eliminated and cultivation in the residual water was possible. The major fraction of inorganic residues from gasification was recovered by means of water purging, increasing the potential of nutrient recycling for cultivation.

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Continuous catalytic hydrothermal gasification of algal biomass and case study on toxicity of aluminum as a step toward effluents recycling

Cited by 49 publications

References 26 publications

Supercritical Water Gasification of Biomass: A Literature and Technology Overview

Supercritical Water Gasification of Biomass: A Literature and Technology Overview

Upgrading and desulfurization of heavy oils by supercritical water

Gasification of Microalgae Using Supercritical Water and the Potential of Effluent Recycling

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