Continuous Computer Acquisition of Feed and Water Intakes, Chewing, Reticular Motility, and Ruminal pH of Cattle

Dado, R.G.; Allen, M.

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(93)77492-5

Cited by 132 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…These results were in line with those reported in the literature in experiments using monitored feeding systems (Dado and Allen, 1993). The bulls fed a high-concentrate diet spent less time eating, probably because concentrate feeds are more rapidly ingested, being more readily prehensible and generally more palatable than forages.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Effects of the forage-to-concentrate ratio of the diet on feeding behaviour in young Blond d’Aquitaine bulls

Mialon

Martin

García

et al. 2008

Animal

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The activities of bulls, their feeding behaviour and their ruminal pH were examined at several stages during the finishing period, according to the forage-to-concentrate ratio of their diet. Twenty-four bulls of the Blond d'Aquitaine breed (initial body weight 5 326 6 21 kg) were assigned to six balanced pens with a space allowance of 9.4 m 2 per bull during the finishing period. They were fed three different diets with achieved forage-to-concentrate ratios of (i) 8% straw and 92% concentrate, (ii) 44% hay and 56% concentrate and (iii) 57% maize silage and 43% concentrate. Bulls had ad libitum access to feed dispensed once daily. Offered and refusals were weighed on 5 consecutive days per week. The bulls were slaughtered at the common final live weight of 650 kg and the finishing period lasted 138, 181 and 155 days for straw-concentrate, hay-concentrate and maize silage-concentrate diets, respectively. The time budget was estimated four times by scan sampling with a 10-min interval. Feeding behaviour was appraised using data from electronic feeding gates. Ruminal pH was measured from a ruminal fluid sample collected by rumenocentesis. On average, the bulls spent 78% of the time lying or standing still, and 11% of the time eating. The forage-to-concentrate ratio of the diet influenced only those activities directly linked to feeding, i.e. eating and drinking. Bulls fed a high-concentrate diet spent less time eating than the other bulls (47 min v. .2 h) and took shorter meals (7 min v. 17 min). The bulls fed the straw-concentrate diet spread their meals over the entire day, whereas the others maintained two major peaks of eating activity, the main one in the morning after feed dispensing, the other one at the end of the diurnal period. Intake rate ranged widely between diets, from 58 g/min on average for the diets based on hay or maize silage up to 173 g/min for the high-concentrate diet. The concentrate-diet bulls also had a lower ruminal pH during the first 2 months of the finishing period. The dispersion of meals based on a high-acidosis-risk diet may be a way to limit the decrease in ruminal pH.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Effects of the forage-to-concentrate ratio of the diet on feeding behaviour in young Blond d’Aquitaine bulls

Mialon

Martin

García

et al. 2008

Animal

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“…The threshold meal interval was estimated by determining the inter-event interval(s) between feeding-and drinking-directed nosepokes that provides the most stable, joint estimates of meal size for food and total meal duration, thereby minimizing the negative consequences of mis-assigned events and time. This method was related to previous approaches in which transitions or stabilities in the slope of a function were identified through first-derivative analysis (Dado and Allen, 1993). This methodology explicitly considers drinking to be a part of meals, has recently been validated, and differs from conventional meal pattern analysis (Inoue et al, 2003;Zorrilla et al, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unlimited Access to Heroin Self-Administration: Independent Motivational Markers of Opiate Dependence

Chen

O’Dell

Hoefer

et al. 2006

Neuropsychopharmacol

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The goal of the present study was to develop and validate an animal model of unlimited access to intravenous heroin self-administration combined with responding for food and water to characterize the transition to drug dependence. Male Wistar rats were allowed to lever press for heroin (60 mg/kg/0.1 ml infusion/s; fixed ratio 1; 20-s time out) and nosepoke for food and water in consecutive, daily 23-h sessions. Daily heroin intake increased over days, reaching significance by Day 14. Drug-taking increased across the circadian cycle, reflected as increases in both the nocturnal peak and diurnal nadir of heroin intake. Changes in the circadian pattern of food intake and meal patterning preceded and paralleled the changes in heroin intake. By Day 7, the circadian amplitude of feeding was blunted. Nocturnal intake decreased because rats consumed smaller and briefer meals. Diurnal intake increased due to increased meal frequency, whereas total daily food intake decreased. To control for time or experience in the self-administration boxes as a possible confound, rats with saline (no drug) tethers were tested and did not display significant changes in food intake pattern. Body weight gain slowed slightly in heroin rats relative to saline controls. Separate groups of rats revealed that significant physical dependence as measured by physical signs of opiate withdrawal following a naloxone injection (1.0 mg/kg, subcutaneous (s.c.)) was reached by Day 14. Significant increases in heroin intake could be produced using low doses of naloxone (0.003-0.03 mg/kg, s.c.) on days 28-31 of heroin access. After 6 weeks of heroin self-administration, rats injected with buprenorphine (0, 0.01, 0.04, and 0.2 mg/kg, s.c.) showed a dose-dependent reduction in heroin intake. Changes in the pattern of drug and food intake in the present unlimited heroin access model may serve as independent motivational markers for the transition to a drug-dependent state.

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“…We observed a significant positive correlation between rumen and reticulum pH values, and the pH was lower in the middle and at the bottom of the rumen than in the reticulum. The higher pH in the reticulum may be caused by the dilution of fluid by salivation and drinking water [5,6]. Throughout the present study, it was indicated that our radio-transmission pH-measurement system may be suitable tool for simultaneous measurement of pH in the rumen and reticulum fluid.…”

mentioning

confidence: 64%

Simultaneous Estimation of the pH of Rumen and Reticulum Fluids of Cows Using a Radio-Transmission pH-Measurement System

Kimura

Satō

Goto

et al. 2012

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. Circadian pH changes in the fluid of the rumen (bottom and middle) and reticulum were assessed simultaneously using wireless and wired radio-transmission pH-measurement systems in cows fed a control diet (C diet) or rumen-acidosis-inducing diet (RAI diet). The pH in the three sites decreased following the morning and evening feedings. In cows fed the C diet, the bottom-rumen and reticular pH reverted to the basal level by the next morning, while the middle-rumen pH did not recover completely, suggesting that active fermentation occurred in the middle of the rumen. The mean pH at 1 hr intervals was higher in the reticulum than at the bottom and in the middle of the rumen. The relatively stable reticular pH may result from dilution due to salivation. In cows fed the RAI diet, the bottom-rumen pH fell to approximately 5.2 after the evening feeding, but returned to the basal level by the next morning. In contrast, the middle-rumen pH did not return to the basal level (6.5) within 24 hr, presumably owing to continuous, vigorous fermentation. There were positive correlations between the pH at the bottom and in the middle of the rumen and at the bottom of the rumen and in the reticulum. These findings indicate that our radio-transmission pH-measurement system may be suitable tool for simultaneous measurement of pH in the rumen and reticulum fluid. Subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) affects the health and production of dairy herds [20], decreasing feed intake, milk production, and rumen digestion, while causing diarrhea and rumen mucosal damage [2,14]. Moreover, SARA provokes various diseases and their preconditions, including laminitis, reduced and erratic feed intake, a low body condition score (BCS), low milk fat syndrome, abomasal displacement and ulceration, and rumenitis [8,23].SARA is characterized by the presence of an abnormally low rumen pH [7,8,24] of less than 5.5; a pH of 5.8 is the marginal threshold for SARA [9-11, 14, 21]. Repeated collections of rumen fluid are needed to measure pH, which can lead to peritonitis following rumenocentesis with a trocar and esophageal injuries induced by oro-ruminal probe suction. Moreover, the reliability of the rumen pH likely depend on the operator's skill, the sampling site (bottom vs. middle of the rumen and rumen vs. reticulum), and sampling procedure (rumenocentesis vs. an oro-ruminal probe) [3,6,9,17,25]. An indwelling wire system has been used to measure the pH at the bottom of the rumen [2,18,19,22,23], but there are no reports on simultaneous pH measurements of fluids at the bottom and in the middle of the rumen and in the reticulum (i.e., three sites) of cows. The objective of this study was to assess the possible use of radio-transmission pH-measurement system for measurement of pH in the rumen (bottom and middle) and reticulum. First, we compared the circadian pH changes in the three sites for cows fed either a control diet (C diet) or a rumen-acidosis-inducing diet (RAI diet) using a wireless and wired systems. Then we examined the relationship betwe...

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Continuous Computer Acquisition of Feed and Water Intakes, Chewing, Reticular Motility, and Ruminal pH of Cattle

Cited by 132 publications

References 17 publications

Effects of the forage-to-concentrate ratio of the diet on feeding behaviour in young Blond d’Aquitaine bulls

Effects of the forage-to-concentrate ratio of the diet on feeding behaviour in young Blond d’Aquitaine bulls

Unlimited Access to Heroin Self-Administration: Independent Motivational Markers of Opiate Dependence

Simultaneous Estimation of the pH of Rumen and Reticulum Fluids of Cows Using a Radio-Transmission pH-Measurement System

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