Continuous culture of the hyperthermophilic archaeum Pyrococcus furiosus

Raven, Neil; Ladwa, Narendra; Cossar, D.; Sharp, Richard

doi:10.1007/bf00174480

Cited by 44 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Continuous culture experiments (pH 7.0 at 90°C) were carried out in the apparatus described previously [2], except that the vessel temperature was controlled directly by the output from a Haake F3 temperature controlled bath (Fisher Scientific). The mineral salts solution [2] was modified by the addition of 1 ml per l of solution D, which comprised 10 g l −1 iron(II) chloride tetrahydrate in 1 M HCl.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The initial isolation showed that the organism was able to grow both proteolytically on peptone and saccharolytically on maltose or starch in the presence of yeast extract [1]. We have previously shown that a glass gaslift bioreactor can be used to grow the organism at high cell densities in the absence of elemental sulfur [2]. A complex medium containing peptone and yeast extract was used in continuous culture.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of defined and minimal media for the growth of the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus Vc1

Raven¹,

Sharp²

2006

FEMS Microbiology Letters

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The nutritional requirements of Pyrococcus furiosus were determined using extended continuous culture in the absence of elemental sulfur in an anaerobic gaslift bioreactor. Replacement of complex nutrients by maltose, amino acids and vitamins alone supported growth. When the organic components of this defined medium were optimised, equilibrium cell densities of 1010 ml−1 were achieved. Selective feeding and withdrawal revealed requirements for l‐proline, l‐cysteine and d‐biotin. Replacement of maltose by dextrin allowed growth in closed bottles on both the defined and minimal media, again in the absence of elemental sulfur. A simple procedure for the efficient plating of P. furiosus on solid media was also developed.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of defined and minimal media for the growth of the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus Vc1

Raven¹,

Sharp²

2006

FEMS Microbiology Letters

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“…To improve biomass yield of the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus, Raven et al (1992) used continuous cultures with defined and minimal media and achieved a maximal cell density of 10 8 cells ml -1 when P. furiosus was grown on starch (Raven and Sharp 1997). Rinker et al (1999) cultivated the hyperthermophilic heterotrophs Metallosphera sedula, P. furiosus and Thermococcus litoralis in a chemostat (Table 2) and observed the production of exopolysaccharides.…”

Section: Innovative Fermentation Processes For the Production Of Archmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspectives on biotechnological applications of archaea

Schiraldi

Giuliano

Rosa

2002

Archaea

100

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Summary Many archaea colonize extreme environments. They include hyperthermophiles, sulfur-metabolizing thermophiles, extreme halophiles and methanogens. Because extremophilic microorganisms have unusual properties, they are a potentially valuable resource in the development of novel biotechnological processes. Despite extensive research, however, there are few existing industrial applications of either archaeal biomass or archaeal enzymes. This review summarizes current knowledge about the biotechnological uses of archaea and archaeal enzymes with special attention to potential applications that are the subject of current experimental evaluation. Topics covered include cultivation methods, recent achievements in genomics, which are of key importance for the development of new biotechnological tools, and the application of wild-type biomasses, engineered microorganisms, enzymes and specific metabolites in particular bioprocesses of industrial interest.

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“…I? furiosus was grown in a continuous culture on a medium containing maltose (5 g/l), peptone (1 g/l) and yeast extract (1 g/l) as carbon and energy sources (Raven et al, 1992).…”

Section: Purification Of Acetyl-coa Synthetase (Adp-forming)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Purification and Properties of Acetyl‐CoA Synthetase (ADP‐forming), an Archaeal Enzyme of Acetate Formation and ATP Synthesis, from the Hyperthermophile Pyrococcus furiosus

Glasemacher

Bock

Schmid

et al. 1997

European Journal of Biochemistry

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Acetyl-CoA synthetase (ADP-forming) is an enzyme in Archaea that catalyzes the formation of acetate from acetyl-CoA and couples this reaction with the synthesis of ATP from ADP and P, (acetyl-CoA + ADP + P, -acetate + ATP + CoA) [Schafer, T., Selig, M. & Schonheit, P. (1993) Arch. Microbiol. 159, 72-83]. The enzyme from the anaerobic hyperthermophile Pyrococcus furiosus was purified 96-fold with a yield of 20% to apparent electrophoretic homogeneity. The oxygen-stable enzyme had an apparent molecular mass of 145 kDa and was composed of two subunits with apparent molecular masses of 47 kDa and 25 kDa, indicating an a2,B2 structure. The N-terminal amino acid sequences of both subunits were determined; they do not show significant identity to other proteins in databases. The purified enzyme catalyzed the reversible conversion of acetyl-CoA, ADP and P, to acetate, ATP and CoA. The apparent V,,, value in the direction of acetate formation was 18 U/mg (55 "C), the apparent K,,, values for acetylCoA, ADP and P, were 17 pM, 60 pM and 200 FM, respectively. ADP and P, could not be replaced by AMP and PP,, defining the enzyme as an ADP-forming rather than an AMP-forming acetyl-CoA synthetase. The apparent V,,, value in the direction of acetyl-CoA formation was about 40 U/mg (55"C), and the apparent K, values for acetate, ATP and CoA were 660 pM, 80 pM and 30 pM, respectively. The purified enzyme was not specific for acetyl-CoA or acetate, in addition to acetyl-CoA (loo%), the enzyme accepts propionyl-CoA (110%) and butyryl-CoA (92%), and in addition to acetate (100%), the enzyme accepts propionate (loo%), butyrate (92%), isobutyrate (79 %), valerate (36%) and isovalerate (34%), indicating that the enzyme functions as an acyl-CoA synthetase (ADP-forming) with a broad substrate spectrum. Succinate, phenylacetate and indoleacetate did not serve as substrates for the enzyme (< 3 %). In addition to ADP (loo%), GDP (220%) and IDP (250%) were used, and in addition to ATP (loo%), GTP (210%) and ITP (320%) were used. Pyrimidine nucleotides were not accepted. The enzyme was dependent on Mg", which could be partly substituted by Mn2+ and Co2+. The pH optimum was pH 7. The enzyme has a temperature optimum at 90"C, which is in accordance with its physiological function under hyperthermophilic conditions. The enzyme was stabilized against heat inactivation by salts. In the presence of KCI (1 M), which was most effective, the enzyme did not loose activity after 2 h incubation at 100°C.Keywords: acetyl-CoA synthetase (ADP-forming) ; acetate formation; Archaea; Pyrococcus furiosus; hyperthermophiles.Acetyl-CoA synthetase (ADP-forming) catalyzes the following reversible reaction: acetyl-CoA + ADP + Pi * acetate + ATP + CoA. This unusual synthetase was first detected in the eukaryotic parasite Entamoeba histolytica and later in the anaerobic protozoon Giardia lamblia, where it is involved in acetate formation and ATP production during fermentative metabolism (Reeves et al., 1977;Lindmark, 1980; reviewed by Muller, 1988;Adam, 1991).In prok...

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Continuous culture of the hyperthermophilic archaeum Pyrococcus furiosus

Cited by 44 publications

References 9 publications

Development of defined and minimal media for the growth of the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus Vc1

Development of defined and minimal media for the growth of the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus Vc1

Perspectives on biotechnological applications of archaea

Purification and Properties of Acetyl‐CoA Synthetase (ADP‐forming), an Archaeal Enzyme of Acetate Formation and ATP Synthesis, from the Hyperthermophile Pyrococcus furiosus

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