Continuous desalination with a metal-free redox-mediator

Wang, Jian; Zhang, Qi; Chen, Fuming; Hou, Xianhua; Tang, Zhilie; Shi, Yumeng; Liang, Peng; Yu, Denis Y. W.; He, Qinyu; Li, Lain‐Jong

doi:10.1039/c9ta02594d

Cited by 41 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…This may be owing to the more serious repelling action of the co‐ion in the high‐concentration conditions during the coupling desalination. This result was consistent with previous studies . The removal rate, charge efficiency, and consumption data are shown in Figure S11 in the Supporting Information.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

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Dual‐Zinc Electrode Electrochemical Desalination

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Other flow battery desalination systems and desalination batteries show much higher levels for energy consumption at the same current density. For example, the metal‐free 4‐hydroxy‐2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine 1‐oxyl as redox mediator requires approximately 79–205 kJ mol −1 at 0.06–0.89 mA cm −2 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual‐Zinc Electrode Electrochemical Desalination

et al. 2020

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“…Most importantly, the polymerization is confirmed by the bonds C α −C α , C β −C β , and C α C β , as shown in the inset chemical structure that lies at 1257, 1365, and 1431 cm −1 , respectively. 14 Based on the above results, it is evident to demonstrate that the EDOT monomer is successfully polymerized onto the graphite surface.…”

Section: Synthesis and Characterization Of Pedot Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…Generally, RFD is similar to electrodialysis, where the redox reaction occurs at the respective electrodes for the deionization . In the RFD device, continuous desalination can be achieved based on the redox catalysis of the flow-electrode material via the internal flow-electrode connection in series. − Recently, some reports about RFD demonstrate the advantages like the continuous desalination process and the reduced energy consumption when compared with other electrochemical desalination technologies. ,− These studies reveal an enhanced desalination performance with different redox materials; however, there are no reports to uncover the device performance by electrode modification in RFD device. It is well known that redox behavior can be improved by incorporating an electroactive material as an electrode.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient PEDOT Electrode Architecture for Continuous Redox-Flow Desalination

Karthick

Zhu

Wang

et al. 2021

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Both low-energy consumption and high salt removal rate are highly required in the electrochemical desalination. In this work, a conducting polymer poly(3,4-ethylene-dioxythiophene), i.e., PEDOT, is electrochemically decorated on a graphite foil as an electrode material of redox-flow desalination (RFD). At a current density of 2 mA•cm −2 , the energy consumption of the RFD is reduced to 38.1 kJ•mol −1 with PEDOT-modified electrodes, compared with 154.5 kJ•mol −1 using a bare graphite electrode. Meanwhile, the salt removal rate is enhanced to 1.54 μmol•cm −2 •min −1 using the PEDOT electrode from 1.11 μmol•cm −2 •min −1 in the bare graphite electrode. The PEDOT electrodes can also provide excellent cycling stability. The improved performance may be due to the promising conductivity and porous structure of PEDOT, which would supply more active sites between the electrode and the redox electrolyte. The current research provides an electrochemical desalination strategy with low energy consumption and high salt removal rate, which is significant for the development of RFD technology.

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“…[8,19,20] In this regard, special attention has been paid to energy and water demand by the research community. [21][22][23][24] These issues have led to the development of a new technique in which renewable energy and desalination technologies are externally coupled to minimize energy consumption. [25] In contrast to the above techniques, electrochemical desalination has become a promising and versatile method that offers dual roles of desalination and energy storage simultaneously.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Achieving High‐Quality Freshwater from a Self‐Sustainable Integrated Solar Redox‐Flow Desalination Device

Karthick

Wei

Chen

et al. 2021

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As predicted by the International Energy Agency, our planet faces an energy and water crisis in the next 20 years. [1] Human demand for energy and water continues to increase, but the amounts produced are insufficient to meet consumption. [2][3][4][5][6] The ocean is a huge water source, and freshwater can be obtained by salt removal from seawater, which can be performed via two major commercial techniques: thermal distillation and membrane processing. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] The thermal-based desalination techniques include multi-stage distillation, multieffect distillation, and vapor compression, all of which consume tremendous amounts of thermal energy. For example, the total energy consumption of a multistage flash evaporation process is in the range of 50-100 kWh m −3 to achieve highquality water production. [8,15] This makes it only suitable for specific areas with abundant thermal energy sources. Membrane-based desalination includes reverse osmosis and electrodialysis processes. [11,[16][17][18] Using these techniques can reduce energy consumption to <10 kWh m −3 with an output water quality with a salt content of <500 ppm. [8,19,20] In this regard, special attention has been paid to energy and water demand by the research community. [21][22][23][24] These issues have led to the development of a new technique in which renewable energy and desalination technologies are externally coupled to minimize energy consumption. [25] In contrast to the above techniques, electrochemical desalination has become a promising and versatile method that offers dual roles of desalination and energy storage simultaneously. [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34] It removes salt ions through electrode-based reactions either by physical adsorption (capacitive deionization or nonfaradaic processes) or chemical reaction processes (battery desalination or faradaic processes). Meanwhile, the photoelectrochemical process technology becomes a crucial part for the environmental remediation, for instance: the process of water splitting by photoelectrochemical method paves a new way to reduce energy consumption. [35][36][37] Similarly, to achieve a zero-energy consumption process, photoelectrochemical desalination technology has recently been introduced. [38,39] In addition, another concept of solar desalination has been extensively studied: solar thermal desalination. In solar thermal Solar-assisted electrochemical desalination has offered a new energy-water nexus technology for sustainable development in recent studies. However, only a few reports have demonstrated insufficient photocurrent, a low salt removal rate, and poor stability. In this study, a high-quality freshwater level of 5-10 ppm (from an initial feed of 10 000 ppm), an enhanced salt removal rate (217.8 µg cm −2 min −1 of NaCl), and improved cycling and long-term stability are achieved by integrating dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) and redox-flow desalination (RFD) under light irradiation without additional electrical energy consumption. The DSSC redox electrolyte ...

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Continuous desalination with a metal-free redox-mediator

Abstract: Metal-free molecular redox-mediated electro-dialytic desalination has been presented, which can directly desalt high concentration of feed (5860 ppm) to the drinking water level (136 ppm) during a continuous single batch treatment. The removal efficiency is up to 97.7%.

Cited by 41 publications

References 37 publications

Dual‐Zinc Electrode Electrochemical Desalination

Dual‐Zinc Electrode Electrochemical Desalination

Efficient PEDOT Electrode Architecture for Continuous Redox-Flow Desalination

Achieving High‐Quality Freshwater from a Self‐Sustainable Integrated Solar Redox‐Flow Desalination Device

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