Continuous enzymatic production of xylitol with simultaneous coenzyme regeneration in a charged membrane reactor

The Aldo-Keto Reductase Superfamily and its Role in Drug Metabolism and Detoxification

“…Aldehdye reductase activity is also readily measurable in insects (Drosophila) and yeast, and the enzymes from each species showed molecular weight between 30 and 40 kDa (Davidson et al, 1978). Most studies on AKRs have been performed on mammalian proteins with the exception of xylose reductase from yeast (AKR2B), which has potential biotechnological applications such as xylose fermentation to ethanol and organic synthesis (Kratzer et al, 2008;Nidetzky et al, 1996). The proteins encoded by Akr genes catalyze a variety of metabolic oxidation-reduction reactions ranging from the reduction of glucose, glucocorticoids and small carbonyl metabolites to glutathione conjugates and phospholipid aldehydes.…”

Heterologous Expression, Purification, and Characterization of a Highly Active Xylose Reductase from Neurospora crassa

“…An economical means of producing xylitol from xylose in vitro consists of coupling XR with a cofactor regeneration system (25,26). Similar processes have also been proposed for converting glucose into sorbitol (10).…”

A Solid and Robust Model for Xylitol Enzymatic Production Optimization

“…This result surpasses the Qp values and conversion values of literature for xylitol microbial production, in batch and with synthetic media [20,21] which were 1.50 g L -1 h -1 and 71 % of xylose-xylitol conversion efficiency. However, it must be considered, even in earlier steps the process economics, in xylitol enzymatic production case the cost of the coenzyme NADPH is one of the greatest contributors for the total cost [22], hence is desirable a lower NADPH concentration since there is no important loss in productivity. In this context, in Figure 2a and 2b, it can be observed a wide region that comprehends an equal or higher Qp value of 1.60 g L -1 h -1…”