Continuous flushing of contaminants from ballast water tanks

Eames, I.; Greig, Alistair; Snellings, J.

doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2007.10.032

Cited by 13 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The IMO requirements have put forward many technical challenges to ship design (Chen et al, 2013). The geometry of a ballast tank is rather complicated, even in most cases, the latitudinal and longitudinal sections of a ballast tank are not symmetrical, which further increases the structural complexity (Eames et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implications of ballast tank geometry and treatment technology on NIS removal

Eames

2015

Ocean Engineering

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a b s t r a c tRegulation D-1 of the 2004 Ballast Water Management Convention requires that pumping seawater into a ballast tank should achieve a volumetric flushing efficiency of 95%. The IMO criteria for shipboard testing require a NIS removal rate of at least 90%. To examine the influence of tank geometry and treatment technology on satisfying IMO protocols, a general network model is developed and validated to analyse the transport of NIS through a ballast tank.The model is applied to analyse the flushing from typical ballast tanks. For the hopper side and upper wing tank considered, setting a single outlet further from the inlet may effectively improve the flushing efficiency. For the 'J'-type bottom and side tank considered, the flushing can be relaxed from 3 to 1.7 exchange volumes to save costs.The influence of treatment technology on the NIS removal rate is investigated in the closed-loop system. For the 'J'-type tank considered, if the treatment efficiency is 70%, 2.4 times circulation is needed to achieve the 90% NIS removal rate.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implications of ballast tank geometry and treatment technology on NIS removal

Eames

2015

Ocean Engineering

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“…A potentially serious environmental problem, therefore, arises when the discharged ballast water contains aquatic life. There are thousands of aquatic species that may be carried in ballast water, which includes microorganisms, seaweeds, micro-algae, small invertebrates, eggs, spores, seeds, cysts and larvae of various aquatic plant and animal species (Bailey et al, 2004;Brickman and Smith, 2007;Burkholder et al, 2007;Doelle et al, 2007;Eames et al, 2008;Gavand et al, 2007;Gray et al, 2005Gray et al, , 2006Gregg and Hallegraeff, 2007;Holm et al, 2008;Hua and Liu, 2007;Lafontaine et al, 2008;McGee et al, 2006;Quilez-Badia et al, 2008;Smit et al, 2008;Tamburri and Ruiz, 2005;Veldhuis et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When all factors are favorable, an introduced species may survive to establish a reproductive population in the host environment. It may even become invasive, out-competing native species and multiplying into pest proportions, thereby disrupting a native ecosystem (Bailey et al, 2004;Burkholder et al, 2007;Eames et al, 2008;Gregg and Hallegraeff, 2007;Oemcke and van Leeuwen, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The human-mediated transfer of harmful organisms via shipping, specifically via ballast water transport, leading to the loss of biodiversity, alteration of ecosystems, negative impacts on human health and in some regions economic loss, has raised considerable attention especially in the last decade (Barry et al, 2008;Bolch and Salas, 2007;Brickman and Smith, 2007;Burkholder et al, 2007;David and Perkovic, 2004;Doelle et al, 2007;Eames et al, 2008;Endresen et al, 2004;Flagella et al, 2007;Gavand et al, 2007;Gray et al, 2006;Herwig et al, 2006;Holm et al, 2008;Jones and Corona, 2008;Jones et al, 2006;McCollin et al, 2007a,b;McGee et al, 2006;Murphy et al, 2006;Murphy et al, 2008;Niimi, 2004;van Leeuwen, 2004, 2005;Perrins et al, 2006ab;Roberts and Tsamenyi, 2008;Sano et al, 2005;Smit et al, 2008;Tang et al, 2006ab;Veldhuis et al, 2006;Wright et al, 2007a,b). Aquatic bio-invasions that have caused major impact to the host ecosystem are presented in Table 1, which also provides an overview of some known cases, but there are hundreds of other invasions, which have been reported around the world (IMO, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Global economic impacts from invasive aquatic species, including through disruption to fisheries, fouling of coastal industry and infrastructure and interference with human amenity, are estimated to exceed 100 billion U.S. dollars per year (Doelle et al, 2007;Eames et al, 2008;IMO News, 2005;Murphy et al, 2008;Yang and Perakis, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent Technologies for Ballast Water Treatment

Gonçalves

Gagnon

2012

Ozone: Science & Engineering

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Concern about ballast-mediated bioinvasions into freshwater, estuarine and marine habitats is not limited to biodiversity per se but extends to its broader socio-economic impacts on agriculture, forests, fisheries, aquaculture, and other human activities dependent on the stability of living resources in a particular ecosystem. As a result, invasive species pose almost incalculable economic, socio-cultural and human health security risks. The importance of biological invasions was brought into greater focus as several devastating introductions in many countries occurred and given the limitations of the IMO (International Marine Organization) Guidelines. Consequently the International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships' Ballast Water and Sediments was prepared and was adopted in a Diplomatic Conference in 2004. This Convention aimedto prevent, minimize and ultimately eliminate the risks to the environment, human health, property and resources arising from the transfer of harmful aquatic organisms and pathogens via ships' ballast waters. This article describes recent ballast water treatment studies from scientific and academic community since the last IMO Convention in 2004, and the treatment that received basic and final approval by IMO. We examined different methods available on scientific media to treat ballast water (lab-scale and field-scale tests) and we concluded that a standardization of ballast water treatment still to be done to ensure the IMO Standard.

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