“…Charge separation following a direct Z -scheme was proposed for many g-C 3 N 4 /TiO 2 composites with different TiO 2 morphologies including nanotubes, , nanoparticles, , nanorods, , and nanosheets . At the same time, the type-II heterojunction was also predicted for systems with TiO 2 nanotubes, nanoparticles, , nanofibers, and nanowires . Thus, depending on what type of interaction occurs at the interface, g-C 3 N 4 can act as either an electron reservoir ( Z -scheme) or an electron supplier (type-II).…”