Continuous Glucose Monitoring Profiles in Healthy, Nondiabetic Young Children

Abstract

Context Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is increasingly being used for both day-to-day management in patients with diabetes and in clinical research. While data on glycemic profiles of healthy, non-diabetic individuals exists, data on non-diabetic very young children are lacking. Objective To establish reference sensor glucose ranges in healthy, non-diabetic young children, using a current generation CGM sensor. Design Prospective observational study Setting Institutional practice Participants Healthy, non-diabetic children 1-6 years old; with normal body mass index Intervention A blinded Dexcom G6 Pro CGM was worn for approximately 10 days by each participant. Main Outcome Measure CGM metrics of mean glucose, hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, and glycemic variability Results 39 participants were included in the analyses. Mean average glucose was 103 mg/dL (5.7 mmol/L). Median % time between 70-140 mg/dL (3.9-7.8 mmol/L) was 96% (IQR 92%-97%), mean within-individual coefficient of variation was 17±3%, median time spent with glucose levels >140mg/dL was 3.4% (49 min/day), and median time <70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L) was 0.4% (6 min/day). Conclusions Collecting normative sensor glucose data and describing glycemic measures for young children fills an important informational gap and will be useful as a benchmark for future clinical studies.

Long-Term Effects and Potential Impact of Early Nutrition with Breast Milk or Infant Formula on Glucose Homeostasis Control in Healthy Children at 6 Years Old: A Follow-Up from the COGNIS Study

“…Nevertheless, this study has limitations that are worth mentioning; the first one being that the small sample size was due to the drop-out during the 6 years of follow-up, and the lack of availability of more data, due to not all parents that came to the 6 years old follow-up visit with their children wanting them to wear the 24 h CGM device. However, most of the few studies carried out in non-diabetic young children have a smaller sample size compared to our study [ 56 , 57 ].…”

Blood glucose trends in glycogen storage disease type Ia: A cross‐sectional study

“…Our data also suggest that children and adolescents with GSDIa spend a longer time in hypoglycemia (median percentage of time with sensor readings <3.9 mmol/L: children, 3.7%; adolescents, 2.7%) compared with healthy young children aged 1-6 years (0.4%). 29 However, we should be cautious when comparing data among studies due to differences in study design, patient characteristics, and the treatments for GSDIa, among other factors.…”

“…We also calculated additional CGM parameters, including the overall glucose distribution, percentage of sensor values within set ranges, number of patients with ≥1 hypoglycemic event, and duration of hypoglycemic events for patients with ≥1 event, as used in studies by Peeks et al 22 and DuBose et al 29 …”

Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Enterally Fed Children with Severe Central Nervous System Impairment

“…We have shown that for patients with chronic CNS damage who are tube-fed, hypoglycaemia can be a significant clinical problem. In our patients, the median TUR 70 amounted to 1.32 (0.39–3.03)%, and hypoglycaemia alarm events were detected in as many as 15 out of the 19 patients (79%), including two who experienced clinically significant decreases in glucose concentrations (TUR 54: 11% and 2.74%, respectively; Table 3 ) In healthy subjects, the percentage of time spent with glycaemia <70 mg% was estimated to be at the level of 0.4% (corresponding to 6 min/day) in children 1–6 years old and 1.1% (15 min/day) in the older population (7–80 years); at least one episode of hypoglycaemia occurred in 23% and 28% of the subjects in these groups, respectively [ 28 , 29 ].…”