Continuous glucose monitoring systems for type 1 diabetes mellitus

Langendam, Miranda; Hooft, Lotty; Vries, H. de; Wentholt, I. M. E.; Mudde, Aart N.; Burt, Anna L; Scholten, R. J. P. M.

doi:10.1002/14651858.cd008101

Cited by 74 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…15,29 In our sample, youth interested in wearing a CGM device reported a higher quality of life in comparison with the general sample. The parents of youth initiating CGM also endorsed higher quality of life for their children than did the parents of the general sample.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Salient Characteristics of Youth with Type 1 Diabetes Initiating Continuous Glucose Monitoring

Teló

Volkening

Butler

et al. 2015

Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics

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Objective: Consistent continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) use is a challenge in youth with type 1 diabetes. This study aimed to investigate patient and family behavioral and clinical characteristics associated with interest in implementing CGM. Research Design and Methods: In a cross-sectional study, we compared 120 youth interested in starting CGM (the CGM group) with a general sample of 238 youth with type 1 diabetes (the Standard group). Youth and their parents completed validated surveys assessing adherence to diabetes management, diabetes-specific family conflict, parent involvement in diabetes management, and youth quality of life. Demographic and clinical data were obtained from chart review and interview. Results: Youth participants had a mean age of 13.0 -2.8 years, diabetes duration of 6.3 -3.4 years, and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level of 8.2 -1.0% (66 -11 mmol/mol). Youth in the CGM group performed more frequent blood glucose monitoring, had lower HbA1c levels, and were more likely to be treated by continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) and to be living in two-parent homes than youth in the Standard group. Compared with the Standard group, youth interested in wearing a CGM device and their parents reported greater adherence to diabetes management, less diabetes-specific family conflict, and higher youth quality of life. No differences were found between groups with respect to parent involvement in diabetes management by both youth and parent reports. Conclusions: In efforts to enhance CGM uptake, it is important to address factors such as blood glucose monitoring frequency, CSII use, adherence, and diabetes-specific family conflict when considering youth with type 1 diabetes for CGM implementation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Salient Characteristics of Youth with Type 1 Diabetes Initiating Continuous Glucose Monitoring

Teló

Volkening

Butler

et al. 2015

Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics

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show abstract

“…3,4 This is corroborated by recent studies and meta-analyses of studies that used early generation devices showing that overall glycemic control could be improved. 2,[5][6][7] In the meta-analysis, reductions between 0.2 and 0.7 A1c percentage points were observed due to the use of CGM. 1,2 Furthermore there are also meta-analytic findings that the exposure to hypoglycemia could be reduced.…”

Section: Original Articlementioning

confidence: 88%

“…2,[5][6][7] In the meta-analysis, reductions between 0.2 and 0.7 A1c percentage points were observed due to the use of CGM. 1,2 Furthermore there are also meta-analytic findings that the exposure to hypoglycemia could be reduced. 1 However, the avoidance of severe hypoglycemia as a clinical endpoint by means of CGM could not be demonstrated.…”

Section: Original Articlementioning

confidence: 88%

“…Recent meta-analysis suggests that CGM use reduces the duration of hypoglycemic and hyperglycemic phases, whereas the time spent in euglycemia is prolonged. 1,2 Thus, CGM promises to facilitate the avoidance of hypoglycemic glucose levels while improving overall glycemic control. The beneficial impact of CGM on avoiding high glucose values was not only demonstrated by glucose measurements of the CGM system itself, but also by the reduction of HbA1c.…”

Section: Original Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

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The Impact of Continuous Glucose Monitoring on Low Interstitial Glucose Values and Low Blood Glucose Values Assessed by Point-of-care Blood Glucose Meters

Hermanns

Schumann

Kulzer

et al. 2014

J Diabetes Sci Technol

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Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is a promising tool supporting people with diabetes in improving glycemic control without increasing the risk of hypoglycemia. Recent meta-analysis suggests that CGM use reduces the duration of hypoglycemic and hyperglycemic phases, whereas the time spent in euglycemia is prolonged.1,2 Thus, CGM promises to facilitate the avoidance of hypoglycemic glucose levels while improving overall glycemic control. The beneficial impact of CGM on avoiding high glucose values was not only demonstrated by glucose measurements of the CGM system itself, but also by the reduction of HbA1c.3,4 This is corroborated by recent studies and meta-analyses of studies that used early generation devices showing that overall glycemic control could be improved. 2,[5][6][7] In the meta-analysis, reductions between 0.2 and 0.7 A1c percentage points were observed due to the use of CGM. 1,2 Furthermore there are also meta-analytic findings that the exposure to hypoglycemia could be reduced.1 However, the avoidance of severe hypoglycemia as a clinical endpoint by means of CGM could not be demonstrated.1,2 In contrast to the outcomes concerning the reduction of hyperglycemia, which could be corroborated by independent measures (eg, A1c) or episodes of ketoacidosis, 1,2 the results regarding minimizing hypoglycemia relied only on the CGM measurements themselves. This is problematic since it is known that the results of CGM of early generation CGM systems in the hypoglycemic range are less concordant with laboratory or point of care (POC) measurements than the results of CGM in the eu-or hyperglycemic range. In the low glycemic range, 524105D STXXX10.1177/1932296814524105Journal of Diabetes Science and TechnologyHermanns et al AbstractIn a randomized crossover trial the impact of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) was tested on the occurrence of low blood glucose values measured by point of care (POC) measurement and on low glucose values measured by CGM in the interstitial fluid. A total of 41 type 1 diabetic patients (age 42.0 ± 11.4 years, diabetes duration 15.3 ± 10.1 years, A1c 8.2 ± 1.4%) used a CGM system (Dexcom SEVEN PLUS system) twice. In first study phase (CGM blind), patients were blind regarding the CGM current glucose levels and were not alerted when critical glucose values were reached. In the second phase (CGM real time), patients had access to current glucose levels and were alerted if critical glucose values were reached. During CGM real time the proportion of hypoglycemic POC blood glucose values were significantly reduced (7.5 ± 5.6% vs 10.1 ± 7.5%; P = .04), whereas the proportion of euglycemic blood glucose values were significantly enhanced (73.7 ± 18.3% vs 68.3 ± 12.1%; P = .01). The duration of low glucose periods in the interstitial fluid was significantly lower in the CGM real time phase (125 ± 89 vs 181 ± 125 minutes per day; P = .005). The time until a low blood glucose was detected by POC measurement was shortened by 33.2 ± 76.1 minutes (P = .03). The study demonstrated that CGM is ...

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“…Use of CGM for less than 40% of the prescribed time denies the patient this improvement [23]. A recent meta-analysis confirms these results [27] and a Cochrane review appeared a short while ago [28]. The improvement is observed at 3 months [23] and maintained at 6 months [24], 12 months [26,29,30] and 18 months [24], the maximum follow-up of the studies to date.…”

Section: Description Of the Technologymentioning

confidence: 96%

Real-time continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) integrated into the treatment of type 1 diabetes: Consensus of experts from SFD, EVADIAC and SFE

Benhamou

Catargi

Delenne³

et al. 2012

Diabetes & Metabolism

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Continuous glucose monitoring systems for type 1 diabetes mellitus

Cited by 74 publications

References 21 publications

Salient Characteristics of Youth with Type 1 Diabetes Initiating Continuous Glucose Monitoring

Salient Characteristics of Youth with Type 1 Diabetes Initiating Continuous Glucose Monitoring

The Impact of Continuous Glucose Monitoring on Low Interstitial Glucose Values and Low Blood Glucose Values Assessed by Point-of-care Blood Glucose Meters

Real-time continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) integrated into the treatment of type 1 diabetes: Consensus of experts from SFD, EVADIAC and SFE

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