Continuous in situ measurements of alkali species in the gasification of biomass

Erbel, C.; Mayerhofer, Michael; Monkhouse, P.; Gaderer, Matthias; Spliethoff, Hartmut

doi:10.1016/j.proci.2012.06.037

Cited by 52 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Si and Ca). Erbel et al [24] described the first on-line, in-situ measurement of alkali species in biomass gasification using ELIF. Fatehi et al [25] studied on a joint numerical and experimental investigation of the release of K from biomass during gasification process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Release of alkali metals during co-firing biomass and coal

Wang

et al. 2016

Renewable Energy

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a b s t r a c tThe release of alkali metals is investigated by means of ash element measurement and chemical equilibrium calculation during co-firing biomass (cornstalk derived fuel) and coal. The experiments are operated under different mass blending fraction and temperature conditions. With increasing cornstalk fraction, the normalized ash content decreases according to a quadratic curve because the formation of alkali aluminosilicate may result in more elements being retained in ash. Similarly, the release ratios of K, Na, and S do not change linearly with the variation of cornstalk fraction either, which are suppressed significantly by the interaction of biomass and coal ashes. For the effect of CaO additive, the release ratios of K and Na increase with its enhancement. The equilibrium analysis is used to predict and evaluate the release of alkali metals. The release of alkali metals enhances with the increase of temperature and cornstalk fraction. For silicon-lean blending fuels, adding Ca will decrease HCl(g) and release more KCl(g) and KOH(g) in both fuel-rich and air-rich conditions. More KCl(g) and NaCl(g) will be formed with increasing Ca/(S þ 0.5Cl) ratio due to the formation of CaSiO 3 (s) and the reduction of alkali aluminosilicate.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Release of alkali metals during co-firing biomass and coal

Wang

et al. 2016

Renewable Energy

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“…Among these techniques are collinear photo-fragmentation atomic absorption spectroscopy (CPFAAS) [26], laser induced fragmentation fluorescence (ELIF) [27], tunable diode laser 5 absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) [28], planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) [29] and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) [30]. Application of these techniques to co-firing biomass and coal will provide valuable information about temporal release of alkali during combustion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of alkali species release from a burning coal/biomass blend

Liu

Wang

et al. 2018

Applied Energy

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Solvent fractionation, Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and chemical analysis were applied to binary fuel mixtures of Zhundong coal and cornstalk agricultural class to investigate the release characteristics of alkali species during co-firing of coal and biomass. As the biomass proportion increases, the water-soluble, NH4Ac-soluble and HCl-soluble alkali species interconvert; the extent of the conversion depends on the composition of the blend. From LIBS measurements, it was found that adding the biomass accelerates combustion and outgassing processes.The higher the proportion of the biomass in the blend, the earlier the peak concentrations of alkali appear, and the magnitude of peak concentrations of sodium and potassium decrease and increase, respectively. Furthermore, the interaction between coal and biomass can generate crystals causing the eutectic melting phenomenon (similar to feldspar in XRD results), which results in a sharp decline of the ash fusion temperatures (AFTs). The results not only provide the information of fundamental transformation but also guide industrial co-firing applications of lignite and agricultural class biomass to reduce the risk of ash deposition.

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“…Inorganic compounds such as alkali metals and mineral particles could be measured to serve input data for thermodynamic equilibrium calculations [19]. However, from the total alkali contents of a given solid biomass, only a minor fraction remains in the gas phase after the gasification process [20,21]. At the same time, some of such compounds melt or even vaporize above 600 C, and can leave the reactor as aerosols and vapors, respectively [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%