Continuous intra-arterial blood gas monitoring in rats

Abstract

Conventional blood gas analyses may not detect rapid changes in gas exchange which occur during respiratory distress syndrome and its treatment. Additionally, intermittent blood withdrawal can result in hypovolaemia and anaemia especially in small animals. In this context a signi cant improvement has been achieved by the development of intravascular photochemical blood gas and pH sensors like the Paratrend 71 sensor. This sensor has a diameter of approximately 0.5 mm and can be inserted intravascularly through a 20-gauge cannula. Optical bres measure pH and blood gases, and a thermocouple is used to measure temperature. Oxygen saturation, and bicarbonate and base excess are computed continuously.The applicability of such sensors has been studied in adult as well as paediatric patients with a body weight as low as 2.7 kg (

Partial liquid ventilation in acute salt water-induced lung injury

“…These sensors can record arterial blood gases immediately and continuously without the need to draw arterial blood samples. In previous rat experiments, these sensors measured arterial blood gases over a wide range of PaO 2 , PaCO 2 and pH values up to 12 h with acceptable accuracy and reproducibility [11,12]. The observed impairment in oxygenation following saltwater instillation was within the range been seen by other investigators [1][2][3].…”

Optical Sensing and Imaging of pH Values: Spectroscopies, Materials, and Applications

“…Back in 1980, Peterson and co-workers reported the first fiber optic probe for online pH measurements in blood. , The absorptiometric probe showed good correlation with the data obtained by a blood gas analyzer and an electrode. Since this pioneering work, the suitability of various optodes for pH measurement in blood has been tested in humans and animals. ,,,− Gehrich and co-workers were the first to report a multiparameter intravascular sensor for pH, oxygen and carbon dioxide relying solely on optical principles (Figure B). The sensor also included a thermocouple for compensation of the effects of temperature.…”

An in vivo quantitative Raman-pH sensor of arterial blood based on laser trapping of erythrocytes

“…For example, the measurement of arterial blood pH is one of the most frequently ordered tests in a critical care unit or in the process of some major surgeries. 1,2 There have been lots of efforts for developing a continuous arterial blood pH monitoring system using several different types of sensors, [3][4][5][6] such as metal/metal oxide electrodes, fiber-optic sensors, etc. However, these instruments have not been widely used in clinical practice due to their invasiveness and high cost.…”