Continuous liquid interface production of 3D objects

Tumbleston, John R.; Shirvanyants, David; Ermoshkin, Nikita; Janusziewicz, Rima; Johnson, Austin; Kelly, D. Q.; Chen, Kai; Pinschmidt, Robert K.; Rolland, Jason P.; Ermoshkin, Alexander; Samulski, Edward T.; DeSimone, Joseph M.

doi:10.1126/science.aaa2397

Cited by 1,844 publications

(1,483 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…1(a)] [20][21][22] that extends the capability of previous single-material stereolithography systems [23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. Briefly, we use patterned UV or blue light to cure photocurable presolutions and manufacture three-dimensional structures layer by layer.…”

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confidence: 99%

Lightweight Mechanical Metamaterials with Tunable Negative Thermal Expansion

et al. 2016

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Ice floating on water is a great manifestation of negative thermal expansion (NTE) in nature. The limited examples of natural materials possessing NTE have stimulated research on engineered structures. Previous studies on NTE structures were mostly focused on theoretical design with limited experimental demonstration in two-dimensional planar geometries. In this work, aided with multimaterial projection microstereolithography, we experimentally fabricate lightweight multimaterial lattices that exhibit significant negative thermal expansion in three directions and over a temperature range of 170 degrees. Such NTE is induced by the structural interaction of material components with distinct thermal expansion coefficients. The NTE can be tuned over a large range by varying the thermal expansion coefficient difference between constituent beams and geometrical arrangements. Our experimental results match qualitatively with a simple scaling law and quantitatively with computational models.

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confidence: 99%

Lightweight Mechanical Metamaterials with Tunable Negative Thermal Expansion

et al. 2016

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“…Because the formation of the dead zone is kinetically driven, parameter optimization of light intensity, build speed, and weight percent UV absorber was necessary. Briefly, the cure thickness of the resin was calculated under static conditions using methods outlined in Tumbleston et al (29) to yield initial fabrication parameters. However, because the CLIP process is dynamic, adjustments were necessary to properly maintain the dead zone throughout the fabrication process (Supporting Information and Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…S1-S5) (30)(31)(32)(33)(34). Therefore, performing SL on an oxygen-permeable build window results in the formation of a dead zone, or a region of uncured liquid resin (29). Polymerization and solidification is achieved once the O 2 has been depleted such that the kinetics of propagation (k p [monomer]) are in competitive balance with the kinetics of radical generation and subsequent O 2 inhibition (k i [O 2 ]) (34,35).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Layerless fabrication with continuous liquid interface production

Janusziewicz

Tumbleston

Quintanilla

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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266

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Despite the increasing popularity of 3D printing, also known as additive manufacturing (AM), the technique has not developed beyond the realm of rapid prototyping. This confinement of the field can be attributed to the inherent flaws of layer-by-layer printing and, in particular, anisotropic mechanical properties that depend on print direction, visible by the staircasing surface finish effect. Continuous liquid interface production (CLIP) is an alternative approach to AM that capitalizes on the fundamental principle of oxygen-inhibited photopolymerization to generate a continual liquid interface of uncured resin between the growing part and the exposure window. This interface eliminates the necessity of an iterative layer-by-layer process, allowing for continuous production. Herein we report the advantages of continuous production, specifically the fabrication of layerless parts. These advantages enable the fabrication of large overhangs without the use of supports, reduction of the staircasing effect without compromising fabrication time, and isotropic mechanical properties. Combined, these advantages result in multiple indicators of layerless and monolithic fabrication using CLIP technology.stereolithogaphy | continuous liquid interface production | 3D printing | additive manufacturing | isotropic properties Additive manufacturing (AM), or 3D printing, is a growing field that employs the selective layering of material to build a part, which has distinct advantages compared with subtractive manufacturing (1). The benefits of additive over subtractive manufacturing are numerous and include unlimited design space, freedom of complex geometries, and reduction of waste by-products (2). Significant advancements were made to AM in the 1980s with the development of the stereolithography (SL) apparatus, a platform that uses the exposure of a rastering UV laser to selectively solidify a resin through a photopolymerization process in a top-down manner (3). The method has since been modified to solidify in a bottom-up process through the use of a digital light projection (DLP) chip that eliminates the rastering laser. The process of bottomup SL begins with a computer-aided design (CAD) file that is then converted into a series of 2D renderings using a method called "slicing" (Fig. 1A). The original object is then reconstructed in a layer-by-layer manner by reproducing these 2D renderings, one slice at a time. This process is done iteratively whereby a photoactive resin is selectively exposed to UV light through a transparent substrate, allowing for selective photopolymerization corresponding to a specific slice shape (4). Once the slice has been exposed, a series of mechanical steps of separation, recoating, and repositioning follow (Fig. 1B) to allow for subsequent exposure.The polymeric materials used in the SL process are known to have intrinsic properties that are a function of the chemical structure, molecular weight, and topology (3). Printed part properties differ from intrinsic polymeric properties because they a...

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“…The emergence of modern additive manufacturing resources facilitates innovative solutions and the ability to evolve prototypes at affordable costs (Begolo et al, 2014;Symes et al, 2012;Comina et al, 2014aComina et al, , 2014bShallan et al, 2014;Wang et al, 2014;Waldbaur et al, 2011;Tseng et al, 2014;Tumbleston et al, 2015). A finger pump that exploits 3D printing technology is the pumping lid concept (Begolo et al, 2014).…”

Section: Transport / Reactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards autonomous lab-on-a-chip devices for cell phone biosensing

Comina

Suska

Filippini

2016

Biosensors and Bioelectronics

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Modern cell phones are a ubiquitous resource with a residual capacity to accommodate chemical sensing and biosensing capabilities. From the different approaches explored to capitalize on such resource, the use of autonomous disposable lab-on-a-chip (LOC) devices conceived as only accessories to complement cell phones underscores the possibility to entirely retain cell phones ubiquity for distributed biosensing. The technology and principles exploited for autonomous LOC devices are here selected and reviewed focusing on their potential to serve cell phone readout configurations. Together with this requirement, the central aspects of cell phones resources that determine their potential for analytical detection are examined. The conversion of these LOC concepts into universal architectures that are readable on unaccessorized phones is discussed within this context. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Funding Agencies|Swedish Research Council (VR) [C0453801]; Carl Tryggers Foundation [CTS14140]

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Continuous liquid interface production of 3D objects

Cited by 1,844 publications

References 27 publications

Lightweight Mechanical Metamaterials with Tunable Negative Thermal Expansion

Lightweight Mechanical Metamaterials with Tunable Negative Thermal Expansion

Layerless fabrication with continuous liquid interface production

Towards autonomous lab-on-a-chip devices for cell phone biosensing

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