Continuous low temperature synthesis of MAPbX₃ perovskite nanocrystals in a flow reactor

Abstract

Perovskite nanocrystals prepared at room temperature using a simple flow reactor.

Microfluidic Synthesis of Semiconductor Materials: Toward Accelerated Materials Development in Flow

“…Since 2016, several studies have investigated the continuous flow synthesis of fully-inorganic and hybrid organicinorganic LHP NCs through microscale flow chemistry platforms. [46,48,72,78,158,[167][168][169][170][171][172][173][174][175][176][177][178][179] Table 4 summarizes all microfluidic studies of LHP NCs and provides an overview of the common LHP formulations with their synthesis temperatures and flow formats. As seen in Table 4, segmented flow is the most common flow format due to the existence of axisymmetric recirculating flow patterns inside the moving droplets which can significantly enhance the mixing characteristics of the microfluidic reactors.…”

Light Generation in Lead Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals: LEDs, Color Converters, Lasers, and Other Applications

“…Changing the halogen species from chlorine to iodine drastically shifts the light emitted from the resulting LHPs from near‐ultraviolet to near‐infrared (Figure d) . Exploiting alloyed halide species at various ratios to occupy site‐X allows the flexible tuning of the bandgap of the resulting LHPs, resulting in continuously adjustable emissive spectra across the entire visible range (Figure d) . By comparison, the A‐cation plays a minor role in determining the energy level configuration of LHPs.…”

Controlled Growth of CH3NH3PbBr3 Perovskite Nanocrystals via a Water–Oil Interfacial Synthesis Method

“…The formation of PbBr 6 4À is ar ate-determining step,a nd the biphasic system offers afavorable reaction condition to control the mass transfer of MA. [8] In addition to the difficulty in size control of MAPbX 3 (MA = CH 3 NH 3 + ) NCs with smaller Bohr radius, [9] them ajor cause of failure is related to the existing synthetic methods.A tp resent, MAPbBr 3 NCs are synthesized by the reprecipitation method. [1] Much attention has been devoted to the synthesis chemistry [2] and the optoelectronic properties [3] of LHP NCs,p romoting the rapid development of their related applications.…”

“…[4] However, understanding of the reaction kinetics of LHP NCs has not kept pace.T he biggest obstacle lies in that LHP NCs have an ultrafast formation rate and their nucleation and growth occurs in afew seconds, [5] in contrast with classical NCs (i.e.C dSe,I nP) that exhibit "molecular-like" elementary steps during the process of formation. [8] In addition to the difficulty in size control of MAPbX 3 (MA = CH 3 NH 3 + ) NCs with smaller Bohr radius, [9] them ajor cause of failure is related to the existing synthetic methods.A tp resent, MAPbBr 3 NCs are synthesized by the reprecipitation method. [7] As eries of approaches are employed to reduce the formation rate of monomers (Cs + and PbBr 6 4À )b y involving rate-limiting steps,t hus reducing the overall reaction rate of CsPbBr 3 NCs.F or instance,t he microfluidic platform is employed to lower the reaction rate of CsPbX 3 (X = Br, Cl, and I) NCs by decreasing the feeding rate of precursors.…”

“…[7d] Recently,the step-by-step growth of CsPbBr 3 NCs is achieved by using nanocluster as monomers and restricting the ligand concentration in the reaction medium. [8] In addition to the difficulty in size control of MAPbX 3 (MA = CH 3 NH 3 + ) NCs with smaller Bohr radius, [9] them ajor cause of failure is related to the existing synthetic methods.A tp resent, MAPbBr 3 NCs are synthesized by the reprecipitation method. [8] In addition to the difficulty in size control of MAPbX 3 (MA = CH 3 NH 3 + ) NCs with smaller Bohr radius, [9] them ajor cause of failure is related to the existing synthetic methods.A tp resent, MAPbBr 3 NCs are synthesized by the reprecipitation method.…”