Continuous measurement of water vapor D/H and 18O/16O isotope ratios in the atmosphere

Wen, Xuefa; Sun, Xiaomin; Zhang, Shichun; Yu, Guirui; Sargent, Steve; Lee, Xuhui

doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.11.021

Cited by 102 publications

(140 citation statements)

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“…Here, the single point mixing ratio and delta calibration method (Wen et al, 2013(Wen et al, , 2008Lee et al, 2005) was used to calibrate Std1 with Std2 and vice versa.…”

Section: Precision Of Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies on the air quality in Beijing have focused on the physicochemical properties and sources of atmospheric pollutants (Gao et al, 2014, Guo et al, 2012Zhang et al, 2013;Zhao et al, 2013), temporal and spatial distribution characteristics Schleicher et al, 2013;Zhao et al, 2009), and formation and evolution mechanisms Liu et al, 2013;Zhao et al, 2013). Some studies have paid attention to the isotopic composition of water vapor and precipitation in Beijing (Wen et al, 2012(Wen et al, , 2010(Wen et al, , 2008 and the hydrochemical and isotopic characteristics of atmospheric precipitation (Zhai et al, 2013). Only a few studies have monitored both the mixing ratio and isotopic composition of atmospheric CO 2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mixing ratio and carbon isotopic composition investigation of atmospheric CO 2 in Beijing, China

Pang

Wen

Sun

2016

Science of The Total Environment

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• Continuous measurement of atmospheric CO 2 and δ 13 C in Beijing. • δ 13 C depleted in heating season and enriched in vegetative season.• Diurnal variation of δ 13 C showed two peaks in heating season.• Coal combustion was the main local CO 2 source. • δ 13 C showed significant liner relationship with air quality index (AQI). G R A P H I C A L A B S T R A C Ta b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f o The stable isotope composition of atmospheric CO 2 can be used as a tracer in the study of urban carbon cycles, which are affected by anthropogenic and biogenic CO 2 components. Continuous measurements of the mixing ratio and δ 13 C of atmospheric CO 2 were conducted in Beijing from Nov. 15, 2012 to Mar. 8, 2014 including two heating seasons and a vegetative season. Both δ 13 C and the isotopic composition of source CO 2 (δ 13 C S ) were depleted in the heating seasons and enriched in the vegetative season. The diurnal variations in the CO 2 mixing ratio and δ 13 C contained two peaks in the heating season, which are due to the effects of morning rush hour traffic. Seasonal and diurnal patterns of the CO 2 mixing ratio and δ 13 C were affected by anthropogenic emissions and biogenic activity. Assuming that the primary CO 2 sources at night (22:00-04:00) were coal and natural gas combustion during heating seasons I and II, an isotopic mass balance analysis indicated that coal combustion had average contributions of 83.83 ± 14.11% and 86.84 ± 12.27% and that natural gas had average contributions of 16.17 ± 14.11% and 13.16 ± 12.27%, respectively. The δ 13 C of background CO 2 in air was the main error source in the isotopic mass balance model. Both the mixing ratio and δ 13 C of atmospheric CO 2 had significant linear relationships with the air quality index (AQI) and can be used to indicate local air pollution conditions. Energy structure optimization, for example, reducing coal consumption, will improve the local air conditions in Beijing.

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“…Here, the single point mixing ratio and delta calibration method (Wen et al, 2013(Wen et al, , 2008Lee et al, 2005) was used to calibrate Std1 with Std2 and vice versa.…”

Section: Precision Of Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixing ratio and carbon isotopic composition investigation of atmospheric CO 2 in Beijing, China

Pang

Wen

Sun

2016

Science of The Total Environment

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“…Therefore directly adding liquid water to a dry air stream with complete evaporation (to avoid isotopic fractionation) seems to be a more promising approach to generate water vapor standards. One potential implementation would be to use a dew point generator where dry air is bubbled through water held at constant temperature (Wen et al, 2008;Lee et al, 2005;Wang et al, 2009). The water vapor mixing ratio of the saturated air can be determined if water temperature and air pressure are precisely measured.…”

Section: Calibration Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water vapor δ<sup>2</sup>H and δ<sup>18</sup>O measurements using off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy

Sturm¹,

2010

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Abstract. We present a detailed assessment of a commercially available water vapor isotope analyzer (WVIA, Los Gatos Research, Inc.) for simultaneous in-situ measurements of δ 2 H and δ 18 O in water vapor. This method, based on offaxis integrated cavity output spectroscopy, is an alternative to the conventional water trap/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) techniques. We evaluate the analyzer in terms of precision, memory effects, concentration dependence, temperature sensitivity and long-term stability. A calibration system based on a droplet generator is used to characterize the performance and to calibrate the analyzer. Our results show that the precision at an averaging time of 15 s is 0.16‰ for δ 2 H and 0.08‰ for δ 18 O. The isotope ratios are strongly dependent on the water mixing ratio of the air. Taking into account this concentration dependence as well as the temperature sensitivity of the instrument we obtained a long-term stability of the water isotope measurements of 0.38‰ for δ 2 H and 0.25‰ for δ 18 O. The accuracy of the WVIA was further assessed by comparative measurements using IRMS and a dew point generator indicating a linear response in isotopic composition and H 2 O concentrations. The WVIA combined with a calibration system provides accurate high resolution water vapor isotope measurements and opens new possibilities for hydrological and ecological applications.

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“…The development of in situ ecosystem carbon and water stable isotope fluxes measurement technique overcame the problem of nonlinear response of instruments (Wen et al, 2008(Wen et al, , 2012. It allowed in situ and continuous measurement of δ 18 O and δD of atmospheric water vapor , and isotopic ratio and flux ratio of atmospheric CO 2 δ 13 C (Pang et al, 2016).…”

Section: Design Of the Coordinated Observation On Terrestrial Ecosystmentioning

confidence: 99%

Construction and progress of Chinese terrestrial ecosystem carbon, nitrogen and water fluxes coordinated observation

Wang

Chen

et al. 2016

J. Geogr. Sci.

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Eddy Covariance technique (EC) achieves the direct measurement on ecosystem carbon, nitrogen and water fluxes, and it provides scientific data for accurately assessing ecosystem functions in mitigating global climate change. This paper briefly reviewed the construction and development of Chinese terrestrial ecosystem flux observation and research network (ChinaFLUX), and systematically introduced the design principle and technology of the terrestrial ecosystem carbon, nitrogen and water fluxes coordinated observation system of ChinaFLUX. In addition, this paper summarized the main progress of ChinaFLUX in the ecosystem carbon, nitrogen and water exchange and environmental controlling mechanisms, the spatial pattern of carbon, nitrogen and water fluxes and biogeographical mechanisms, and the regional terrestrial ecosystem carbon budget assessment. Finally, the prospects and emphases of the terrestrial ecosystem carbon, nitrogen and water fluxes coordinated observation of ChinaFLUX are put forward to provide theoretical references for the development of flux observation and research in China.

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Continuous measurement of water vapor D/H and 18O/16O isotope ratios in the atmosphere

Cited by 102 publications

References 43 publications

Mixing ratio and carbon isotopic composition investigation of atmospheric CO 2 in Beijing, China

Mixing ratio and carbon isotopic composition investigation of atmospheric CO 2 in Beijing, China

Water vapor δ<sup>2</sup>H and δ<sup>18</sup>O measurements using off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy

Construction and progress of Chinese terrestrial ecosystem carbon, nitrogen and water fluxes coordinated observation

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Continuous measurement of water vapor D/H and 18O/16O isotope ratios in the atmosphere

Cited by 102 publications

References 43 publications

Mixing ratio and carbon isotopic composition investigation of atmospheric CO 2 in Beijing, China

Mixing ratio and carbon isotopic composition investigation of atmospheric CO 2 in Beijing, China

Water vapor δ&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;H and δ&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt;O measurements using off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy

Construction and progress of Chinese terrestrial ecosystem carbon, nitrogen and water fluxes coordinated observation

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Product

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About

Water vapor δ<sup>2</sup>H and δ<sup>18</sup>O measurements using off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy