Continuous microwave flow synthesis and characterization of nanosized tin oxide

Akram, Mahreen; Alshemary, Ammar Z.; Butt, Faheem K.; Goh, Yi Fan; Ibrahim, Wan Aini Wan; Hussain, Rafaqat

doi:10.1016/j.matlet.2015.07.088

Cited by 23 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 22 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…While the vast majority of colloidal nanoparticle catalysts that have been fabricated in flow are metals or metal alloys, there are a few examples of oxides such as Fe 3 O 4 and CeO 2 nanoparticles, as well as Ag/AgCl/ZnO and FePt/CeO x nanoparticle hybrids, that have been made in flow and shown to be competent catalysts. There is a growing body of work, however, on the continuous flow synthesis of colloidal metal oxide, − metal chalcogenide, − metal halide, , and metal pnictide nanoparticles. , This opens the possibility to use those flow-synthesized colloidal nanoparticles as catalysts and compare their catalytic performance to batch-synthesized equivalents, as has been done with the metal nanoparticles discussed here. As flow methods are extended to other material families of catalytically active nanoparticles, such as metal phosphides and metal carbides, the significantly higher temperatures needed for phosphidation and carburization will dictate reactor designs that tolerate higher temperature conditions.…”

Section: Concluding Remarks and Future Outlookmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuous Flow Methods of Fabricating Catalytically Active Metal Nanoparticles

Roberts

Karadaghi

Wang

et al. 2019

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

One of the obstacles preventing the commercialization of colloidal nanoparticle catalysts is the difficulty in fabricating these materials at scale while maintaining a high level of control over their resulting morphologies, and ultimately, their properties. Translation of batch-scale solution nanoparticle syntheses to continuous flow reactors has been identified as one method to address the scaling issue. The superior heat and mass transport afforded by the high surface-area-to-volume ratios of micro- and millifluidic channels allows for high control over reaction conditions and oftentimes results in decreased reaction times, higher yields, and/or more monodisperse size distributions compared to an analogous batch reaction. Furthermore, continuous flow reactors are automatable and have environmental health and safety benefits, making them practical for commercialization. Herein, a discussion of continuous flow methods, reactor design, and potential challenges is presented. A thorough account of the implementation of these technologies for the fabrication of catalytically active metal nanoparticles is reviewed for hydrogenation, electrocatalysis, and oxidation reactions.

show abstract

Section: Concluding Remarks and Future Outlookmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuous Flow Methods of Fabricating Catalytically Active Metal Nanoparticles

Roberts

Karadaghi

Wang

et al. 2019

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…An alternative to the known processes of obtaining nanocomposites is the use of microwave energy. Microwave energy penetrates inside the system, resulting in the degree of energy use being higher compared to conventional heating [26]. Reactors receive sufficient energy so that the efficiency of Me NPs deposition is high, which extends the future activity of the photocatalyst.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuous synthesis of photocatalytic nanoparticles of pure ZnO and ZnO modified with metal nanoparticles

Długosz

Banach

2021

J Nanostruct Chem

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The continuous microwave synthesis of ZnO, ZnO–nAg and ZnO–nCu nanoparticles (NPs) are presented. Initially, pure ZnO nanoparticles were synthesised, studying the effect of selected parameters on the size of crystallites. In the second stage, ZnO nanoparticles modified with metal nanoparticles were obtained by conducting the process in a flow system. Tannic acid was used as a reducing agent of silver and copper ions. The structure, crystallinity and effectiveness of the deposition of metal nanoparticles were assessed by XRD, XPS, FTIR and electron microscopy techniques (SEM and TEM). The obtained materials were tested for their photocatalytic properties against methylene blue in UV light. The results of photodegradation in ultraviolet light have shown that the introduction of metal nanoparticles, especially silver nanoparticles, significantly increases catalytic efficiency (30% for pure ZnO NPs, 91% for ZnO–nAg NPs and 54% for ZnO–nCu NPs). The main advantage of the proposed ZnO/Ag semiconductor is that it delays the recombination process of electron–hole pairs generated by photon absorption, which extends the efficiency of such a photocatalyst. Based on the research, we determined that it is possible to use photocatalytically active ZnO modified with metal nanoparticles obtained in the flow process. Graphic abstract

show abstract

“…The continuous Microwave Flow Synthesis (CMFS) process is relatively a simple, cost effective method. Moreover, it works at ambient temperature and pressure and there is no danger of risks [21]. This paper involves the use of CMFS process, which is a moderately cost-effective, efficient and convenient route to synthesize SnO 2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Effect of Dwell Time on the Physical Properties of Nano-sized Tin dioxide (SnO2) Prepared Through a Continuous Microwave Flow Process

Akram¹

2021

Pak J Anal Environ Chem

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Tin dioxide (SnO2) is a well-known catalytic material used to catalyze different organic dyes and gas sensors. Similarly, it is also considered a good sensing and optoelectronic material. In this work, SnO2 has been synthesized using a microwave-assisted continuous flow method. The effect of dwell time was utilized to study its effects on the physical properties of SnO2. X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Bruner Emmit-Teller (BET) techniques were used to characterize the synthesized SnO2. UV-Visible spectroscopy technique was employed to calculate the energy bandgap, which exhibited a decrease in the energy bandgap from 3.44 to 3.33 eV on increasing the dwell time. XRD results exhibited an increase in the degree of crystallinity from 56 to 63% and a reduction in the particle size from 3.74 to 2.75 nm. Where, BET study revealed a shrinkage in the surface area from 159 to 154 m2g- 1. Photoluminescence (PL) study was conducted to investigate the surface defects. Photocatalytic efficiency of the SnO2 was probed against the photodegradation of methylene blue dye and this study revealed that SnO2 is a good photocatalytic material.

show abstract

Continuous microwave flow synthesis and characterization of nanosized tin oxide

Cited by 23 publications

References 22 publications

Continuous Flow Methods of Fabricating Catalytically Active Metal Nanoparticles

Continuous Flow Methods of Fabricating Catalytically Active Metal Nanoparticles

Continuous synthesis of photocatalytic nanoparticles of pure ZnO and ZnO modified with metal nanoparticles

Investigating the Effect of Dwell Time on the Physical Properties of Nano-sized Tin dioxide (SnO2) Prepared Through a Continuous Microwave Flow Process

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About