2021
DOI: 10.3390/bios11060189
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Continuous Non-Invasive Glucose Monitoring via Contact Lenses: Current Approaches and Future Perspectives

Abstract: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease that must be carefully managed to prevent serious complications such as cardiovascular disease, retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy. Self-monitoring of blood glucose is a crucial tool for managing diabetes and, at present, all relevant procedures are invasive while they only provide periodic measurements. The pain and measurement intermittency associated with invasive techniques resulted in the exploration of painless, continuous, and non-invasive techniques of g… Show more

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Cited by 37 publications
(21 citation statements)
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“…Not only does an urgent need exist for a non-invasive glucose monitoring technology so as to make a major improvement in the lives of millions of people around the world living with DM, but also to ease preventive monitoring [ 10 ]. Over the past few decades, the non-invasive monitoring of DM by fluid analysis (as well as other biological fluids such as urine, sweat, and saliva) has attracted worldwide attention [ 11 , 12 , 13 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Not only does an urgent need exist for a non-invasive glucose monitoring technology so as to make a major improvement in the lives of millions of people around the world living with DM, but also to ease preventive monitoring [ 10 ]. Over the past few decades, the non-invasive monitoring of DM by fluid analysis (as well as other biological fluids such as urine, sweat, and saliva) has attracted worldwide attention [ 11 , 12 , 13 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Our glucose sensor is expected to be biostable, long lasting [ 9 ] and fully implantable, with the simultaneous multi-sensing of glucose and pH to increase accuracy, showing the potential of being a good alternative to the existing glucose-sensing methods for CGM. In addition to those fluorescent-based sensing methods, recently developed glucose sensors targeting body fluids such as saliva and tear fluids are often integrated with a wearable device [ 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ]. Applying our fluorescent hydrogel glucose-sensing microbeads to improved wearable devices for measuring such body fluids could also widen the possibilities of stable and patient-friendly CGMs.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…[319,322] In recent years, researchers from different fields have worked to solve these challenges to make the SCL wearable platforms more practical. [184,319,323] In this section, we provide discussions about the applicable powering techniques for SCLs, such as radio-frequency identification, wearable batteries, and solar cells. Moreover, we summarize the advanced wireless data transfer technologies, including optics, remote resonance detection, and custom-built application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC).…”
Section: Ocular Signal Extractionsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The recent technological advances in wearable bioelectronics have enabled the continuous monitoring of tear glucose levels. [ 184 ] However, the opaque, brittle electric units may interfere with the wearer's vision and trigger eye damage. To address these concerns, Park and co‐workers fully integrated glucose sensors, wireless power transfer circuits, and a signal‐visualizable light‐emitting diode (LED) display into a transparent and flexible CL ( Figure a).…”
Section: Scls For Diagnostic Applicationsmentioning
confidence: 99%