“…All who have used continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for treating hyaline membrane disease agree that it effectively improves arterial oxygen tension (Pao2) and reduces the infant's need for a high inspired oxygen concentration (Fio,) (Gregory et al, 1971;Chernick and Vidyasagar, 1972;Bancalari et al, 1973;Chernick, 1973;Fanaroff et al, 1973;Rhodes and Hall, 1973;Baum and Roberton, 1974;Caliumi-Pellegrini et al, 1974;Dunn, 1974;Gerard et al, 1975;Krouscop et al, 1975;Mockrin and Bancalari, 1975;Stahlman and Cotton, 1975;Reynolds, 1975;Roberton, 1976;Durbin et al, 1976). Most authors have inferred that the survival rate of infants with hyaline membrane disease would increase if CPAP was introduced early in the illness, though this has never been clearly shown.…”