Continuous production of biodiesel from microalgae by extraction coupling with transesterification under supercritical conditions

Zhou, Dan; Qiao, Bao-Quan; Li, Gen; Xue, Song; Yin, Jinling

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2017.04.097

Cited by 56 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…A similar result was reported by Santos et al, (2018) with a 30% increase in the ester yield for the same temperature range. In addition, Zhou et al, (2017) and Akkarawatkhoosith et al, (2019a) obtained an increased ester content of ∼60% on increasing the operating temperature from 250 to 300 ºC.…”

Section: Effect Of Temperaturementioning

confidence: 97%

“…The use of a co-solvent improves the mutual solubility between the alcohol and the oil (Tobar and Núñez, 2018), allowing for the presence of a homogeneous phase (Osmieri et al, 2017), increasing the reaction rate and making it possible to obtain high ester yields at moderate temperatures (Maçaira et al, 2014). Zhou et al, (2017) performed a coupled extraction and reaction process. When the reaction was conducted at 340 °C, for 120 min, with an n-hexane flow of 0.2 mL•min -1 , there was an increase of 63% in ester yield compared to the reaction without the addition of the co-solvent.…”

Section: Effect Of Co-solventmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Catalyst-free production of fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE) from macauba pulp oil

et al. 2021

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In this study, the production of fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE) from macauba pulp oil and pressurized ethanol was investigated. The experiments were conducted without the addition of catalyst, at 20 MPa, to determine the effect of temperature (200 to 300 °C) and the oil to ethanol mass ratio (1:1 and 1:2) on the FAEE content and different residence times (10 to 45 min). The effect of the addition of n-hexane to the oil (20 wt%) as a co-solvent was also evaluated. The use of high temperatures (275 and 300 °C) resulted in high FAEE content (∼90%). Increasing the amount of ethanol in the reaction medium contributed to the formation of esters only at operating temperatures of 200 to 250 °C. It was also observed that with the addition of co-solvent (in the oil) it was possible to obtain high amounts of FAEE in a shorter reaction time. In addition, a low content of unreacted compounds (∼8.0%) and the conversion of ∼90 and 99% of the free fatty acids and triglycerides were observed, respectively.

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Section: Effect Of Temperaturementioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Effect Of Co-solventmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalyst-free production of fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE) from macauba pulp oil

et al. 2021

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“…Another way to produce biodiesel from algae is through in situ transesterification of algal feedstock with the aid of solvent. Technologies such as microwave, ultrasound, or supercritical fluid are usually applied in this process to enhance the biodiesel yield [24][25][26][27][28]. Biodiesel has the advantages of high biodegradability and renewability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic Thermochemical Conversion of Algae and Upgrading of Algal Oil for the Production of High-Grade Liquid Fuel: A Review

Zhou

2020

Catalysts

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The depletion of fossil fuel has drawn growing attention towards the utilization of renewable biomass for sustainable energy production. Technologies for the production of algae derived biofuel has attracted wide attention in recent years. Direct thermochemical conversion of algae obtained biocrude oil with poor fuel quality due to the complex composition of algae. Thus, catalysts are required in such process to remove the heteroatoms such as oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur. This article reviews the recent advances in catalytic systems for the direct catalytic conversion of algae, as well as catalytic upgrading of algae-derived oil or biocrude into liquid fuels with high quality. Heterogeneous catalysts with high activity in deoxygenation and denitrogenation are preferable for the conversion of algae oil to high-grade liquid fuel. The paper summarized the influence of reaction parameters and reaction routes for the catalytic conversion process of algae from critical literature. The development of new catalysts, conversion conditions, and efficiency indicators (yields and selectivity) from different literature are presented and compared. The future prospect and challenges in general utilization of algae are also proposed.

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“…Biodiesel can be produced via transesterification of animal fats, vegetable oils, waste cooking oils, , or microalgae with a short-chain alcohol in the presence of a catalyst, of which methanol is the most commonly used alcohol to yield FAMEs. Apart from the conventional method, it can also be derived without a catalyst or even by an autocatalysis process, for instance, in the esterification of fatty acids with supercritical ethanol .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Alkaline and Alkaline Earth Metal Promoters on the Catalytic Performance of Pd–M/SiO₂ (M = Na, Ca, or Ba) Catalysts in the Partial Hydrogenation of Soybean Oil-Derived Biodiesel for Oxidative Stability Improvement

et al. 2018

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Palladium/silica (Pd/SiO2) and Pd–M/SiO2 catalysts, where M stands for sodium (Na), calcium (Ca) or barium (Ba), were studied for their catalytic ability in the partial hydrogenation of soybean oil-derived fatty acid methyl esters (SO-FAMEs) using a semibatch reactor under mild reaction conditions (4 bar hydrogen pressure and 80 °C). The catalytic performance, in terms of turnover frequency (TOF), and the selectivity toward (E)-monounsaturated FAMEs (C18:1) were investigated at 11% and 45% diunsaturated FAME (C18:2) conversion levels. The catalysts were analyzed by X-ray diffractometry, temperature-programmed desorption of carbon dioxide, transmission electron microscopy, pulse chemisorption of carbon monoxide, nitrogen adsorption–desorption, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. On the one hand, the highest TOF was observed with the catalyst with the lowest basic sites on the catalyst surface (Pd–Ba/SiO2) in comparison with the other basic-modified catalysts; on the other hand, the highest selectivity toward (E)-C18:1 was evidently noticed. The oxidative stability of the partially hydrogenated SO-FAMEs (biodiesels) obtained using these catalysts could be improved 2- to 5-fold compared to those of the feed SO-FAMEs.

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Continuous production of biodiesel from microalgae by extraction coupling with transesterification under supercritical conditions

Cited by 56 publications

References 26 publications

Catalyst-free production of fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE) from macauba pulp oil

Catalyst-free production of fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE) from macauba pulp oil

Catalytic Thermochemical Conversion of Algae and Upgrading of Algal Oil for the Production of High-Grade Liquid Fuel: A Review

Influence of Alkaline and Alkaline Earth Metal Promoters on the Catalytic Performance of Pd–M/SiO₂ (M = Na, Ca, or Ba) Catalysts in the Partial Hydrogenation of Soybean Oil-Derived Biodiesel for Oxidative Stability Improvement

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Continuous production of biodiesel from microalgae by extraction coupling with transesterification under supercritical conditions

Cited by 56 publications

References 26 publications

Catalyst-free production of fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE) from macauba pulp oil

Catalyst-free production of fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE) from macauba pulp oil

Catalytic Thermochemical Conversion of Algae and Upgrading of Algal Oil for the Production of High-Grade Liquid Fuel: A Review

Influence of Alkaline and Alkaline Earth Metal Promoters on the Catalytic Performance of Pd–M/SiO2 (M = Na, Ca, or Ba) Catalysts in the Partial Hydrogenation of Soybean Oil-Derived Biodiesel for Oxidative Stability Improvement

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Influence of Alkaline and Alkaline Earth Metal Promoters on the Catalytic Performance of Pd–M/SiO₂ (M = Na, Ca, or Ba) Catalysts in the Partial Hydrogenation of Soybean Oil-Derived Biodiesel for Oxidative Stability Improvement