Continuous production of the renewable ρ-cymene from α-pinene

Pinenes: Abundant and Renewable Building Blocks for a Variety of Sustainable Polymers

“…[81] Furthermore,o ur pinene-based polyamides have been shown to have higher melting points than many conventional polyamides,w hile they can be more easily processable via for example,solvent-based methods owing to their enhanced solubility,based on their organic side groups. [87,88] Importantly, starting from pinenes,t here are aw ide variety of different (catalytic) isomerizations possible to afford other terpenes, [99][100][101][102][103][104][105][106][107][108][109] which make al arge quantity of similar building blocks for these and other polymers accessible.A saf urther challenge,e nhanced tuning of the polymer structures and properties could be achieved by several nucleophilic additives for the polymerizations. [87,88] Importantly, starting from pinenes,t here are aw ide variety of different (catalytic) isomerizations possible to afford other terpenes, [99][100][101][102][103][104][105][106][107][108][109] which make al arge quantity of similar building blocks for these and other polymers accessible.A saf urther challenge,e nhanced tuning of the polymer structures and properties could be achieved by several nucleophilic additives for the polymerizations.…”

“…This renders them very interesting for example,f or loadable components or special surfaces (see above). [87,88] Importantly, starting from pinenes,t here are aw ide variety of different (catalytic) isomerizations possible to afford other terpenes, [99][100][101][102][103][104][105][106][107][108][109] which make al arge quantity of similar building blocks for these and other polymers accessible.A saf urther challenge,e nhanced tuning of the polymer structures and properties could be achieved by several nucleophilic additives for the polymerizations. [110][111][112] Further challenges and directions are mentioned in the following paragraph.…”

Support enhanced α-pinene isomerization over HPW/SBA-15

“…It is generally accepted that the first step in α-pinene isomerization is its protonation to generate a pinylcarbonium ion (1) as shown in Scheme 3. [9,43] The pinyl cation is believed to be a precursor to polycyclic camphene via isomerization to an isobornyl cation and subsequent deprotonation, however (1) can also deprotonate to form a p-menthenyl cation (2) which is the precursor to monocyclic products such as limonene (and terpinolene and α-terpinene via further isomerization to the tertiary p-menthenyl cation). Our results suggest that the weaker acid HPMo/SBA-15 facilitates deprotonation of (1) to (2) and consequently favours the more thermodynamically stable single ring structure.…”

“…[8] p-Cresol in turn is used to produce 2,6-ditert-butyl-p-cresol(BHT), a light-resistant antioxidant with a wide range of applications. [7,[9][10][11] α-Pinene isomerization offers routes to two important product families: monocyclic compounds such as limonene, terpinene, and terpinolene, and polycyclic compounds including camphene, β-pinene and tricyclene. [12][13][14][15][16] Camphene is a widely employed fragrance and solvent and a precursor to camphor, and additive in the formulation of insect repellents, explosives and plastics.…”

Pinene: reichlich vorhandene und erneuerbare Bausteine für eine Vielzahl an nachhaltigen Polymeren

“…B. der Medizin oder Luft-und Raumfahrt machen kann (z. [87,88] Es ist wichtig zu betonen, dass ausgehend von Pinenen eine große Vielfalt verschiedener (katalytischer) Isomerisierungen mçglich ist, um andere Terpene zu erhalten, [99][100][101][102][103][104][105][106][107][108][109] was eine große Menge an ähnlichen Bausteinen fürd iese und andere Polymere zugänglich macht. [81] Außerdem wurde füru nsere Pinen-basierten Polyamide gezeigt, dass sie hçhere Schmelzpunkte haben als viele konventionelle Polyamide, während sie einfacher verarbeitet werden kçnnen, z.…”