Continuous Purification of Biodiesel with Deep Eutectic Solvent in a Laboratory Karr Column

Abstract

Following the trend of transport decarbonization, biodiesel has become a promising alternative fuel option. Its production includes multiple steps, all of which can be time-consuming and energy intensive. Improving any of these steps could bring considerable environmental and economic benefits. The utilization of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) for glycerol extraction from crude biodiesel has predominantly been explored as a batch process. This work provides insight into continuous column extraction. Different waste cooking oils were used to produce biodiesel via transesterification with methanol, and the selective solvent for purification was DES choline chloride–ethylene glycol (1:2.5, mol.). A laboratory Karr column at different pulsation frequencies and DES to biodiesel mass ratio was used for extraction. Plate material (steel and 3D printed PETG) and geometry influence on the efficiency of extraction were investigated. Contact angle measurement was used to measure the surface free energy of steel and PETG and the spreading ability of biodiesel and DESs on both materials. Extraction efficiency was analyzed by several analytical techniques. Higher efficiency was observed with steel plates of a triangular pitch hole arrangement. Increasing the mixing intensity and DES to biodiesel mass ratio further increased the efficiency of extraction.

Feasibility of Different Methods for Separating n-Hexane and Ethanol

“…Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) analyses were conducted on a Bruker Vertex 70 spectrometer and Bruker Avance 300 NMR spectrometer, respectively, according to previously described procedures [14].…”