Continuous second-order sliding mode based impact angle guidance law

Robust output feedback sliding mode control for uncertain discrete time systems

“…for uncertain system (5). Here,x k denotes the estimated state vector and the initial condition for such an estimation is considered as follows:…”

“…Its attractive features such as good tracking properties and robustness against a large class of perturbations or model uncertainties and chaotic behavior encourage the researchers to apply SMC to a variety of practical engineering systems such as robot manipulators, underwater vehicles, spacecrafts, and flexible structures [2][3][4][5][6][7][8].…”

Distributed cooperative guidance of multiple anti-ship missiles with arbitrary impact angle constraint

“…1. The impact time t impi can be given as (4) where t elapi and t goi are the time elapsed and the time-to-go for the i-th missile, respectively. Note that, t goi cannot be measured by any onboard device, and its reasonable value can only be estimated by using some algorithm.…”

“…The issue of impact angle control guidance (IACG) has been addressed in an amount of works, from the biased proportional navigation guidance based IACG laws [8,9,13,21,31] to the optimal control theory based IACG laws [12,22,23], from the model predictive static programming technique based IACG laws [1,16] to the sliding mode control theory based IACG laws [4,10,11,14,20,28,32], too numerous to mention one by one.…”

Adaptive backstepping impact angle control with autopilot dynamics and acceleration saturation consideration

“…Because of its inherent robustness against matched uncertainty, sliding mode control (SMC) methodology was widely accepted in guidance law design to cater for terminal angle constraint [13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. A high-performance SMC impact angle guidance law was proposed in [16], where a time-varying damping ratio in guidance loop was designed intentionally to improve target observability for passive seekers.…”