Continuous Stiffness Monitoring of Cemented Sand through Resonant Frequency

Azenha, Miguel; Ferreira, Cristiana; Silva, Jacinto; Correia, A. Gomes; Aguilar, Rafael; Ramos, Luís F.

doi:10.1061/47629(408)22

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…It is called here RF. Since its initial proposal for concrete testing, it has been extended towards application to cement paste , cement stabilised soil and structural adhesives . A more recent work has demonstrated the in situ applicability of the method and introduced changes that allow reusability of parts .…”

Section: Description Of the Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the experiments envisaged in this research, three testing geometries have been adopted, both based on simply supported conditions for the test beam: (i) the cylinder shaped specimen inside an acrylic mould (RF A ) (Figure ); (ii) a similar cylindrical shape beam similar to the one presented in Figure but with internal/external diameters of 84/90 mm and 900 mm of span and made of PVC (RF P ); (iii) the prismatic shaped specimen inside a reusable metallic mould (RF M ) (Figure ). Even though the experimental setups and interpretation techniques have been thoroughly explained and discussed in previous publications , some brief remarks are given here for the sake of self‐sufficiency of this paper.…”

Section: Description Of the Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Testing Concrete E‐modulus at Very Early Ages Through Several Techniques: An Inter‐laboratory Comparison

Delsaute

Boulay

Granja

et al. 2016

Strain

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The design of concrete structures is based on calculation rules, which often do not take into account the very early age behaviour of the material. However, during this period, structural concrete is subjected to strains due to the hydration process of cement. If these strains are restrained by concrete itself or surrounding boundaries, stresses start to build up that can lead to the formation of cracks. Among the parameters involved in the stress build up, the stiffness evolution is of major importance. This paper reports the use of eight different techniques aimed at stiffness evolution assessment, applied on the same concrete mix, in a round robin experimental test within three laboratories. The observations are compared after having expressed the results at the same equivalent age. Both the loading stress rate and amplitude are observed to have an effect of limited importance on the determination of the quasi-static elastic modulus, which might be explained by very short term creep. Ultrasonic measurements provide values of E-modulus that are higher than the values provided by the quasi-static tests at the time of the concrete setting. Similar mechanisms associated to very short term creep could explain the difference between the quasi-static and high-frequency elastic modulus.

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Section: Description Of the Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Description Of the Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing Concrete E‐modulus at Very Early Ages Through Several Techniques: An Inter‐laboratory Comparison

Delsaute

Boulay

Granja

et al. 2016

Strain

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show abstract

“…The composite beam was highly excitable due to its slenderness, and could be induced to vibrate by the environmental noise alone. However, the airflow from a fan placed nearby was used to increase the vibration amplitude, improve the signal-to-noise ratio, and facilitate the resonant frequency [10,11]. In this paper, this original version of the EMM-ARM will be referred to as the "traditional EMM-ARM system".…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuous Monitoring of Elastic Modulus of Mortars Using a Single-Board Computer and Cost-Effective Components

et al. 2023

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The Elastic Modulus Measurement through Ambient Response Method (EMM-ARM) is designed to continuously monitor the elastic modulus of hardening construction materials such as concrete, cement paste, mortars, stabilized soils, and epoxy resin. In practice, a composite beam, made of the tested material in its mould, is induced to vibration by means of environmental or controlled excitation, and its resonant frequency is identified. The material’s elastic modulus can then be calculated based on the vibration equation of structural systems. The traditional system to conduct EMM-ARM experiments is based on specialized equipment and on proprietary licensed software, which results in a considerable cost, as well as limited options for customization. The paper hereby presented proposes a delve into the development and validation of a cost-effective and open-source system that is able to conduct EMM-ARM experiments. By using a Raspberry Pi for the computing device and cost-effective electronic components, the cost of the system was one-twentieth of the traditional one, without compromising the measurement reliability. The composite beam’s excitation is generated, while the vibration response is recorded by the proposed system simultaneously, since the Raspberry Pi supports multiprocessing programming techniques. The flexibility earned by the exclusive use of open-source and cost-effective resources creates countless application possibilities for the proposed system.

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“…It relies on naturally occurring vibrations to excite the tested sample, infer its first resonant frequency (based on the measurements of an accelerometer), and ultimately quantify the Emodulus of the tested material. Even though EMM-ARM was initially devised for concrete testing, it has been extensively applied (and validated) in the scope of stabilized soils by the research team at the University of Minho [16][17][18][19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-staged kinetics of moduli evolution with time of a lime treated soil under different curing temperatures

Silva

Azenha

Correia

et al. 2018

Transportation Geotechnics

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Continuous Stiffness Monitoring of Cemented Sand through Resonant Frequency

Cited by 7 publications

References 3 publications

Testing Concrete E‐modulus at Very Early Ages Through Several Techniques: An Inter‐laboratory Comparison

Testing Concrete E‐modulus at Very Early Ages Through Several Techniques: An Inter‐laboratory Comparison

Continuous Monitoring of Elastic Modulus of Mortars Using a Single-Board Computer and Cost-Effective Components

Two-staged kinetics of moduli evolution with time of a lime treated soil under different curing temperatures

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