Core–shell heterostructures have attracted great
concern
as promising visible light-driven photocatalysts. Herein, core–shell
nanocomposites of SiO2@Sr0.4Ti0.4Mg0.2Fe2O4.4 with varying SiO2 thickness were rationally designed. Effect of modulating
the SiO2 thickness on the structural and optical properties
was studied. Homogenous SiO2 layer of varying thickness
was coated over Sr0.4Ti0.4Mg0.2Fe2O4.4 NPs. HRTEM and XRD analyses confirmed the
successful formation of core–shell nanocomposites. The photocatalytic
performance was evaluated by using tetracycline hydrochloride, azure-B, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia
coli as model pollutants. Maximum enhancement in photocatalytic
activity was observed in a core–shell nanocomposite having
an average shell thickness of 24 nm. The results were supported by
its higher porosity and specific surface area, along with a narrowed
band gap and fluorescence quenching. The formation of the core–shell
heterojunction promoted charge separation. Under the optimized conditions
of irradiation time, pH, and dose, its degradation efficiency was
96.5% for tetracycline hydrochloride, 96.3% for azure-B, 97.1% for S. aureus, and 95.4% for E. coli. Hydroxyl radicals and holes played a vital role in the degradation
process. The photocatalytic parameters were optimized using Box–Behnken
statistical methodology. This work bears broad potential for fabricating
an efficient and high-performance photocatalyst of SiO2 with ferrite having a core–shell heterostructure.