Continuous Synthesis of Fuel Additives Alkyl Levulinates via Alcoholysis of Furfuryl Alcohol over Silica Supported Metal Oxides

Chada, Raji Reddy; Koppadi, Kumara Swamy; Enumula, Siva Sankar; Kondeboina, Murali; Kamaraju, Seetha Rama Rao; Burri, David Raju

doi:10.1007/s10562-018-2371-y

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…However, several research groups have highlighted the evident benefits of continuousflow biomass conversion processes. 160,200,201 Compared to batch processes, continuous processes provide:…”

Section: Production From Precursors: 5-hmf Furfural and Derivatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of levulinic acid and alkyl levulinates: a process insight

et al. 2022

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Section: Production From Precursors: 5-hmf Furfural and Derivatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of levulinic acid and alkyl levulinates: a process insight

et al. 2022

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“…They also showed the positive effect of -SO3H density (mmolꞏg -1 ) and the easy accessibility to these groups. Alternatively, BL has also been obtained by reaction of furfuryl alcohol [25,27] and of α-angelica lactone [27] and butanol, although both syntheses promote polymer formation.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid-phase synthesis of butyl levulinate with simultaneous water removal catalyzed by acid ion exchange resins

Iborra

Tejero

Fité

et al. 2019

Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry

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The liquid-phase synthesis of butyl levulinate by esterification of levulinic with an excess of 1-butanol (initial molar ratio 1:3) and simultaneous water removal has been studied at atmospheric pressure and at the boiling point of the reacting medium. The catalytic performance of ten commercial sulfonic resins has been compared: four gel-type and six macroreticular. For both type of resins the levulinic acid conversion was complete after 4-6h and no byproducts derived from the acid were detected. Selectivity of 1-butanol towards the ester was about 95%, di-butyl ether and butenes being the detected 1-butanol-derived byproducts. Among the tested catalysts, gel-type resins with low crosslinking degree showed the highest activity, what could be attributed to a higher accessibility to active centers in polar medium. In additional experiments where initial reactants content was at stoichiometric relation, the levulinic acid conversion was lower (82-85%), while selectivity of 1-butanol towards the ester was slightly higher, because of the lower 1-butanol concentration.

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“…7 Alumina-silica is an amorphous catalyst with lower acidity than zeolite but is known to be a versatile catalyst being used in several catalytic reactions such as hydrogenation of acrolein, 11 liquid phase alkylation of aromatics, or used as the support for metal, metal oxide, and sulfide catalysts. 12 In a previous study by Chada et al, 13 Al 2 O 3 −SiO 2 with 10 wt % Al 2 O 3 was found to exhibit the highest conversion of FA to alkyl levulinate among the various silica supported metal oxides including Al 2 O 3 −SiO 2 , ZrO 2 −SiO 2 , WO 3 −SiO 2 , and TiO 2 −SiO 2 at 180 °C. The performances of the catalysts were correlated to the presence of a greater number of weak Lewis acidic sites.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elucidation of the Catalytic Pathway for the Direct Conversion of Furfuryl Alcohol into γ-Valerolactone over Al₂O₃–SiO₂ Catalysts

Chuangpusri,

Jantasee,

Weerachawanasak

et al. 2023

ACS Omega

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The one-pot conversion of furfuryl alcohol (FA) into GVL was investigated over the sol–gel-synthesized Al 2 O 3 –SiO 2 (AlSi) catalysts with various Al 2 O 3 loadings (0.2–10 wt %) and commercial zeolites including MFI-1, H-ZSM5, H-beta, and HY-15 in a batch reactor under mild reaction conditions (130 °C, 1 bar N 2 , and 15–120 min). The reaction pathways depend largely on the acid properties of the catalysts, especially the types of Bronsted (B) and Lewis (L) acid sites. A tandem alcoholysis/hydrogenation/cyclization sequence is dominant on the AlSi catalysts (Al ≥ 4%) and all the zeolites except MFI-1, resulting in complete conversion of FA and GVL with an yield 64–75% with IPL as the major side-product, regardless of the differences in their B/L ratios 0.06–1.35. In the absence of B acid sites (i.e., 0.2% AlSi and MFI-1 catalysts), FA could be straightforwardly converted into GVL on the weak Lewis acid sites from the isolated silanol groups using 2-propanol as a hydrogen source. The AlSi catalysts are promising tunable catalysts for FA conversion with good recyclability.

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Continuous Synthesis of Fuel Additives Alkyl Levulinates via Alcoholysis of Furfuryl Alcohol over Silica Supported Metal Oxides

Cited by 10 publications

References 27 publications

Production of levulinic acid and alkyl levulinates: a process insight

Production of levulinic acid and alkyl levulinates: a process insight

Liquid-phase synthesis of butyl levulinate with simultaneous water removal catalyzed by acid ion exchange resins

Elucidation of the Catalytic Pathway for the Direct Conversion of Furfuryl Alcohol into γ-Valerolactone over Al₂O₃–SiO₂ Catalysts

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Continuous Synthesis of Fuel Additives Alkyl Levulinates via Alcoholysis of Furfuryl Alcohol over Silica Supported Metal Oxides

Cited by 10 publications

References 27 publications

Production of levulinic acid and alkyl levulinates: a process insight

Production of levulinic acid and alkyl levulinates: a process insight

Liquid-phase synthesis of butyl levulinate with simultaneous water removal catalyzed by acid ion exchange resins

Elucidation of the Catalytic Pathway for the Direct Conversion of Furfuryl Alcohol into γ-Valerolactone over Al2O3–SiO2 Catalysts

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Product

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Elucidation of the Catalytic Pathway for the Direct Conversion of Furfuryl Alcohol into γ-Valerolactone over Al₂O₃–SiO₂ Catalysts