Continuous synthesis of graphite with tunable interlayer distance

Çakmak, Gülhan; Őztürk, Tayfur

doi:10.1016/j.diamond.2019.05.002

Cited by 38 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…This peak corresponds to the d -spacing (layer-to-layer distance) of 0.351 nm. The increase in the d -spacing from 0.334 nm for pristine graphite to 0.351 nm for the synthesized graphene film can be associated with the residual oxygen-containing chemical groups between graphene sheets . The comparative UV–visible absorption spectra for polymeric e-waste powder and PLA graphene with a 200 mJ pulse energy are shown in Figure d.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The increase in the dspacing from 0.334 nm for pristine graphite to 0.351 nm for the synthesized graphene film can be associated with the residual oxygen-containing chemical groups between graphene sheets. 25 The comparative UV−visible absorption spectra for polymeric e-waste powder and PLA graphene with a 200 mJ pulse energy are shown in Figure 2d. The UV−visible absorption spectrum of cryomilled powder shows a prominent surface plasmon response band at λ max ∼ 278 nm, which corresponds to Cu nanoparticles that act as catalysts for the transformation of amorphous carbon into crystalline graphene.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Conducting Graphene Synthesis from Electronic Waste

Bajpai

Kumbhakar

Tiwary

et al. 2021

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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“Waste-to-wealth” is always a subject of significant interest due to several aspects, including effective utilization of a large amount of e-waste by recycling valuable materials and thereby protecting the environment from pollution. Here, we have demonstrated a green, easily scalable, and sustainable method of synthesizing graphene from one of the major components of e-waste, that is, the polymeric component, using pulsed laser ablation. The proposed synthesis route showed great promise in synthesizing high-quality graphene. XPS shows that the sp2 hybrid state is the predominant chemical state of carbon in graphene. TEM and AFM investigations highlight that graphene has ≤4 layers with a high degree of crystallinity. The relationship between the graphene structure and laser parameters is established using Raman spectroscopy. Systematic modeling provides the optimum laser parameters (laser fluence of 20 J/cm2 with an ablation time of 600 s) for good-quality graphene and the maximum obtained yield of 40.2%. The high-quality synthesized graphene has further been utilized for highly conductive electronics contacts, useful for future robust electronics applications.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conducting Graphene Synthesis from Electronic Waste

Bajpai

Kumbhakar

Tiwary

et al. 2021

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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“…Two intense characteristic peaks for graphite at 26.38 and 54.52° corresponding to the ⟨002⟩ and ⟨004⟩ planes, respectively, can be seen in Figure . The peak at 26.38° corresponds to the layered structure in graphite, having a typical interlayer spacing of around 0.3 nm , and having 100% intensity (JCPDS card no. 75-1621).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved OER Performance on the Carbon Composite Electrode through Tailored Wettability

Parashar

Nandha

Singh

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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This work reports an improved oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity on a carbon–polymer composite-based tailored electrode, the plastic chip electrode (PCE). Glassy carbon electrodes (GCEs) have been often used as an electrode platform in water-splitting experiments, mostly due to their suitable physicochemical properties and omnipresence. However, the OER kinetics on carbon electrodes are reported to be limited. Passivation of the electrode surface due to slow scavenging of the formed oxygen is presumably the major reason for such a decline. Attempts have been made to improve the OER efficiency on the carbon electrode by improving its hydrophobicity and hence reducing the size of the passivating oxygen bubble. In this direction, we put forward an altogether different approach. A two-component polymer composite working electrode has been used. Two distinct phases of varying wettability discourage the bigger size bubble and help less passivation of the electrodes. Moreover, the highly rough surface of PCE compared to that of GCE increases the hydrophobicity of the tailored electrode. These two factors show improved OER activity, which has been demonstrated using Ru-based catalysts since the Ru-based catalysts are considered as a benchmark for OER. A Ru–triazine covalent organic framework catalyst has been loaded on PCE. Bare and modified electrodes were characterized for their scanning electron microscopy, water wettability, and electrochemical active surface area measurements. Followed by various OER parameters, such as linear sweep voltammetry and stability (chronoamperometry), Tafel slopes have been evaluated. The charge-transfer resistance has been measured using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis. The activity of the modified PCE has been compared with that of the GCE, and the yield of oxygen has been compared using gas chromatography.

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“…The presence of an additional layer of 2D material, at least for the TiO 2 /MoS 2 case, did not signi cantly alter the sliding behavior of the interface. This is likely affected by the fact that interlayer spacing for bulk solids of the 2D materials (~3 Å for MoS 2 33 and 3.3 Å or higher for graphite 34 ) is higher than the adsorption distances for the interfaces. The CuO surface with Cu 2 O subsurface, implying less oxygen content as one moves away from the surface into the bulk, results in a reduction of ISS for both graphene and MoS 2 interfaces, with the latter seeing a much greater reduction.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interfacial Interactions and Tribological Behaviour of Metal-Oxide/2D-Material Contacts

Yadav

Arif

Wang

et al. 2021

Preprint

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This work combines experimental atomic force microscopy (AFM) and DFT simulations to study oxidized metal (oxidized copper & titanium) and 2D material (graphene & MoS2) interfaces. Combining AFM and DFT allowed identifying the interfacial interaction and established a correlation between tribological behavior, interfacial charge distribution, and variations in the potential energy profile with sliding along the metal/2D-materials interfaces. The TiO2 (rutile) and CuO (cupric oxide) metal oxides were mostly found to chemisorb along the interface with the 2D-materials. Both the metal-oxide counter-surfaces (TiO2 and CuO) exhibited higher friction force and adhesion on graphene than on MoS2. The CuO surface was inferred to be copper rich based on comparison with DFT simulations. The interfacial electronic charge distribution and relative energy change were identified to strongly influence sliding and adhesive behavior between oxidized-metal/2D-material contacts when considering only electronic effects in the DFT simulations. More homogenous interfacial charge distribution/sharing and lower surface energy variation, as found on the MoS2 surfaces, were identified to lower friction and adhesion. Non-electronic effects not captured by simulations were found to likely dominate interfacial shear strength measurements experimentally. Therefore, MoS2 should be used in interfacial applications involving TiO2 and copper rich CuO surfaces requiring lower adhesion and friction.

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Continuous synthesis of graphite with tunable interlayer distance

Cited by 38 publications

References 24 publications

Conducting Graphene Synthesis from Electronic Waste

Conducting Graphene Synthesis from Electronic Waste

Improved OER Performance on the Carbon Composite Electrode through Tailored Wettability

Interfacial Interactions and Tribological Behaviour of Metal-Oxide/2D-Material Contacts

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