Continuous thermophilic composting (CTC) for rapid biodegradation and maturation of organic municipal solid waste

Xiao, Yong; Zeng, Guangming; Yang, Zhen; Shi, Wenyuan; Huang, Can; Fan, Changzheng; Xu, Zhiwei

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2009.05.013

Cited by 116 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Composting is an aerobic biological process that converts organic materials into a more stable material with a lower content of degradable organic matter, thus giving rise to less phytotoxicity toward plants (Zhu 2006;Xiao et al 2009). Much research has been successfully performed on oil palm biomass, such as co-composting OPEFB with partially treated palm oil mill effluent (POME) ), OPEFB with sewage sludge (Kala et al 2009), OPEFB with palm oil mill decanter sludge and chicken manure (Kananam et al 2011), palm oil mill sludge (POMS) with sawdust (Singh et al 2010), and OPEFB with goat manure, cattle manure, and chicken manure (Singh et al 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (Opefb) Fibre During Composting Process Using in-Vessel Composter

Razali¹,

Baharuddin²,

Talib³

et al. 2012

BioResources

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Changes in the lignocellulosic structure of oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) during composting treatment using an in-vessel composter was investigated in this work. The composting process was completed within 40 days of treatment, and the final C/N ratio achieved was 13.85. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that the structure of OPEFB material was severely degraded, especially during the thermophilic phase where the biodegradation process was most active. Close examination of the physicochemical and thermal analysis using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA) showed that the crystallinity size of the OPEFB structure decreased. This result was attributed to the removal of silica bodies from OPEFB materials. Also, the functional groups of cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin structures had changed throughout the composting period, and the most extensive degradation of cellulose was detected in the thermophilic phase. It was also found that the exothermic peak of the matured compost reduced most significantly compared to the raw OPEFB. In conclusion, the in-vessel composting system was able to enhance the degradation process of OPEFB materials for producing compost.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (Opefb) Fibre During Composting Process Using in-Vessel Composter

Razali¹,

Baharuddin²,

Talib³

et al. 2012

BioResources

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“…Diversity of bacteria increased even when temperature was higher than 60°C [23,24]. Xiao et al [25] found in a laboratory experiment that more abundant bacterial diversity when the temperature was as high as 64°C. Furthermore highest temperature achieved by pile C was 53.8°C was not sufficient to kill pathogens and weed seeds.…”

Section: Cation Cxchange Capacity (Cec)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Resource Conservation by Effective Composting of Municipal Solid Waste in Sri Lanka – Optimum Moisture Range for the Bio-oxidative Phase

Vpa¹,

Kaluarachchi²,

Pilapitiya³

2017

Int J Waste Resour

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IntroductionComposting is one of the important methods of controlling biological waste in developing country like Sri Lanka. Passive windrow composting with turning is a widely used strategy to manage the organic fraction of MSW in the country because; MSW of Sri Lanka contains more than 80% (dry weight basis) of organic matter and has moisture content about 60-70% [1]. But there are many problems associated with the composting plants in Sri Lanka. The major problem is bad odour of the compost piles during the bio-oxidative phase. It is really a social problem of those areas where closer to the composting plants. Main reason is that, unskilled and uneducated labourers, who often find the addition of water results insufficient or excess moisture contents inside the piles, maintain composting plants. If water is accumulated faster than it is eliminated via either aeration or evaporation (driven by high temperatures), then oxygen flow is impeded and anaerobic conditions result [2]. This usually occurs at a moisture level of about 65 percent or higher. If the moisture level drops below about 40 to 45 percent, the nutrients are no longer in an aqueous medium and easily available to the microorganisms. Their microbial activity decreases and the composting process slow. Below 20 percent moisture, very little microbial activity occurs [3].Another reason is that, literature based moisture contents, which have been prescribed for composting are heavily dependent on the composition of MSW, climatic factors of the regions and the turning frequency of windrows. In this study, determine the optimum moisture range in the composting pile was addressed. To achieve it, the performance of the composting process is checked by employing several physic-chemical parameters proposed in literature through which the metabolic activity of the micro-organisms involved in the composting process was evaluated. Methodology Preparation of windrowThe study was carried out in the composting plant at Meethotamulla, which is located in a suburb of the capital city of Colombo, Sri Lanka. Passive windrow composting with manual turning for aeration was the technique used in the study. The organic fraction was segregated from mixed MSW at the site. Four rectangular shaped composting piles were prepared with 1m high × 2 m width × 3 m length. Moisture ranges were adjusted to 60% ± 10% at first 05 weeks and then reduced to 40% ± 10% in pile Control, 40% ± 10% moisture maintain in pile A while 60% ± 10% moisture maintained in pile B and 80% ± 10% moisture maintain in pile C by manual moisture addition throughout the 08 weeks of bio oxidative period. Moisture was added to all the piles once a week to ensure that the moisture content was within the experimental range. The moisture range of pile Control (60% ± 10%) was maintained for first five weeks and then reduced to 40% ± 10% for the remaining three weeks of the bio-oxidative phase which is the practice of some composting plants in Sri Lanka. Piles were turned manually once a week to aerate the compostin...

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“…The maturity of the compost has been evaluated based on chemical parameters correlated with plant response (Bernal et al 2009;Xiao et al 2009). Seed germination test helps to evaluate the efficiency of the composting process for plant growth and seed germination (Banegas et al 2007).…”

Section: Gimentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of locally available bulking agents in Newfoundland and Labrador during bench-scale municipal solid waste composting

et al. 2014

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Background: Newfoundland and Labrador (NL) has one of the highest waste disposal rates in Canada and it has 200 small communities without access to central composting facilities. During Municipal solid waste (MSW) composting, the selection of bulking agents is critical. Bench-scale composting systems plus locally available bulking agents are thus desired for economic and effective MSW management in NL communities. This study evaluated the performance of locally available bulking agents (i.e., NL sawdust and peat) during MSW composting in a bench-scale system. Physiochemical (temperature, oxygen uptake rate, pH, electrical conductivity, moisture and ash content, and C/N ratio) and biological (enzyme activities and germination index) parameters were monitored to evaluate compost maturity and stability. Results: In peat composting, higher temperature for a longer duration was observed, indicating more effective pathogen removal and sterilization. High enzyme activities of dehydrogenase, β-glucosidase, and phosphodiesterase in the third week of composting imply high microbial activity and high decomposition rate. The low C/N ratio for compost product implies acceptable stability states. In sawdust composting, higher temperature and oxygen uptake rate (OUR) were observed in the third week of composting, and higher enzyme activities in the second week. Sawdust composting generated a higher germination index, indicating higher maturity. Conclusions: Both sawdust and peat are effective bulking agents for the bench-scale composting. The choice of a bulking agent for a particular community depends on the availability of the agent and land in the region, convenience of transportation, price, and the expected quality of the compost product.

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Continuous thermophilic composting (CTC) for rapid biodegradation and maturation of organic municipal solid waste

Cited by 116 publications

References 36 publications

Degradation of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (Opefb) Fibre During Composting Process Using in-Vessel Composter

Degradation of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (Opefb) Fibre During Composting Process Using in-Vessel Composter

Resource Conservation by Effective Composting of Municipal Solid Waste in Sri Lanka – Optimum Moisture Range for the Bio-oxidative Phase

Performance of locally available bulking agents in Newfoundland and Labrador during bench-scale municipal solid waste composting

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