Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation to the left anterior medial prefrontal cortex influences metacognitive efficiency

Hobot, Justyna; Skóra, Zuzanna; Wierzchoń, Michał; Sandberg, Kristian

doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.119991

Cited by 3 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…(2018), and two studies were excluded since participants were monkeys instead of humans (Cai et al., 2022; Washburn et al., 2010); one systematic review (Lajoie et al., 2021), one meta‐analysis (Mojtabavi et al., 2022), and two Master level dissertations were also kept out from this work. Overall, 25 studies met the inclusion criteria for the data extraction process, and thus, they were included in the systematic review (Bona & Silvanto, 2014; Bor et al., 2017; Carbajal et al., 2019; Chua & Ahmed, 2016; Chua et al., 2017; Di Luzio et al., 2022; Fleming et al., 2015; Gaynor & Chua, 2017, 2019; Gogulski et al., 2017; Han et al., 2023; Hobot et al., 2023; Lapate et al., 2020; Meiron & Lavidor, 2014; Miyamoto et al., 2021; Rahnev et al., 2016; Rounis et al., 2010; Ryals et al., 2016; Schauer et al., 2020; Shekhar & Rahnev, 2018; Xue et al., 2023; Ye et al., 2018, 2019; Zizlsperger et al., 2016; Zou & Kwok, 2022).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, each of these experiments were separately reported and described into detail ( n = 36). Seven studies were conducted in the United States of America (Carbajal et al., 2019; Fleming et al., 2015; Lapate et al., 2020; Rahnev et al., 2016; Ryals et al., 2016; Shekhar & Rahnev, 2018; Xue et al., 2023), three were conducted in China (Ye et al., 2018, 2019; Zou & Kwok, 2022), three were conducted in the United Kingdom (Bor et al., 2017; Miyamoto et al., 2021; Rounis et al., 2010), one was conducted in Italy (Di Luzio et al., 2022) one was conducted in Finland (Gogulski et al., 2017), and one was conducted in Denmark (Hobot et al., 2023). All studies were performed on healthy subjects.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alterations in retrospective second‐order judgments were observed through the administration of a visual identification task accompanied by visual awareness ratings after the application of different protocols of TBS over the anterior medial PFC (amPFC). Indeed, an increase in subjects' metacognitive efficiency was detected following cTBS, but not when intermittent theta‐burst stimulation (iTBS) was delivered; meanwhile, no significant differences in the identification task performance were found (Hobot et al., 2023). Lapate et al.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the majority of the experiments, that is, 31 out of 36, the effects of TMS on retrospective metacognitive judgments were tested, accounting for both domains of memory and perception. Rounis Indeed, an increase in subjects' metacognitive efficiency was detected following cTBS, but not when intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS) was delivered; meanwhile, no significant differences in the identification task performance were found (Hobot et al, 2023). ing temporal order memory judgment, but did not affect perceptual discrimination; moreover, correlation between the two domains of metacognitive efficiency disappeared when the precuneus was perturbed (Ye et al, 2018).…”

Section: Retrospective Second-order Judgmentsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Overall, 25 studies met the inclusion criteria for the data extraction process, and thus, they were included in the systematic review (Bona & Silvanto, 2014;Bor et al, 2017;Carbajal et al, 2019;Chua & Ahmed, 2016;Chua et al, 2017;Di Luzio et al, 2022;Fleming et al, 2015;Gaynor & Chua, 2017Gogulski et al, 2017;Han et al, 2023;Hobot et al, 2023;Lapate et al, 2020;Meiron & Lavidor, 2014;Miyamoto et al, 2021;Rahnev et al, 2016;Rounis et al, 2010;Ryals et al, 2016;Schauer et al, 2020;Shekhar & Rahnev, 2018;Xue et al, 2023;Ye et al, 2018Ye et al, , 2019Zizlsperger et al, 2016;Zou & Kwok, 2022).…”

Section: Re Sultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neural correlates of metacognition: Disentangling the brain circuits underlying prospective and retrospective second‐order judgments through noninvasive brain stimulation

Saccenti,

Moro,

Sassaroli

et al. 2024

J of Neuroscience Research

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Metacognition encompasses the capability to monitor and control one's cognitive processes, with metamemory and metadecision configuring among the most studied higher order functions. Although imaging experiments evaluated the role of disparate brain regions, neural substrates of metacognitive judgments remain undetermined. The aim of this systematic review is to summarize and discuss the available evidence concerning the neural bases of metacognition which has been collected by assessing the effects of noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) on human subjects' metacognitive capacities. Based on such literature analysis, our goal is, at first, to verify whether prospective and retrospective second‐order judgments are localized within separate brain circuits and, subsequently, to provide compelling clues useful for identifying new targets for future NIBS studies. The search was conducted following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta‐analyses guidelines among PubMed, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, PSYNDEX, MEDLINE, and ERIC databases. Overall, 25 studies met the eligibility criteria, yielding a total of 36 experiments employing transcranial magnetic stimulation and 16 ones making use of transcranial electrical stimulation techniques, including transcranial direct current stimulation and transcranial alternating current stimulation. Importantly, we found that both perspective and retrospective judgments about both memory and perceptual decision‐making performances depend on the activation of the anterior and lateral portions of the prefrontal cortex, as well as on the activity of more caudal regions such as the premotor cortex and the precuneus. Combining this evidence with results from previous imaging and lesion studies, we advance ventromedial prefrontal cortex as a promising target for future NIBS studies.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Retrospective Second-order Judgmentsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Re Sultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Neural correlates of metacognition: Disentangling the brain circuits underlying prospective and retrospective second‐order judgments through noninvasive brain stimulation

Saccenti,

Moro,

Sassaroli

et al. 2024

J of Neuroscience Research

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Theta Signal Transfer from Parietal to Prefrontal Cortex Ignites Conscious Awareness of Implicit Knowledge during Sequence Learning

Lu,

Guo,

Weng

et al. 2023

J. Neurosci.

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Unconscious acquisition of sequence structure from experienced events can lead to explicit awareness of the pattern through extended practice. Although the implicit-to-explicit transition has been extensively studied in humans using the serial reaction time (SRT) task, the subtle neural activity supporting this transition remains unclear. Here, we investigated whether frequency-specific neural signal transfer contributes to this transition. A total of 208 participants (107 females) learned a sequence pattern through a multisession SRT task, allowing us to observe the transitions. Session-by-session measures of participants’ awareness for sequence knowledge were conducted during the SRT task to identify the session when the transition occurred. By analyzing time course RT data using switchpoint modeling, we identified an increase in learning benefit specifically at the transition session. Electroencephalogram (EEG)/magnetoencephalogram (MEG) recordings revealed increased theta power in parietal (precuneus) regions one session before the transition (pretransition) and a prefrontal (superior frontal gyrus; SFG) one at the transition session. Phase transfer entropy (PTE) analysis confirmed that directional theta transfer from precuneus → SFG occurred at the pretransition session and its strength positively predicted learning improvement at the subsequent transition session. Furthermore, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) modulated precuneus theta power and altered transfer strength from precuneus to SFG, resulting in changes in both transition rate and learning benefit at that specific point of transition. Our brain-stimulation evidence supports a role for parietal → prefrontal theta signal transfer in igniting conscious awareness of implicitly acquired knowledge.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThere exists a pervasive phenomenon wherein individuals unconsciously acquire sequence patterns from their environment, gradually becoming aware of the underlying regularities through repeated practice. While previous studies have established the robustness of this implicit-to-explicit transition in humans, the refined neural mechanisms facilitating conscious access to implicit knowledge remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that prefrontal activity, known to be crucial for conscious awareness, is triggered by neural signal transfer originating from the posterior brain region, specifically the precuneus. By employing brain stimulation techniques, we establish a causal link between neural signal transfer and the occurrence of awareness. Our findings unveil a mechanism by which implicit knowledge becomes consciously accessible in human cognition.

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Metacognition in decision making across domains and modalities: evidence from three studies

Mazancieux,

Hat,

Rutiku

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Metacognition involves second-order judgments about first-order ones. It remains unclear whether an individual's confidence in being correct is generated by the same system across tasks (domain-generality) or whether it is computed independently in the context of each task (domain-specificity). Previous studies have focused on correlations across several tasks, yet evidence is mixed and more complex models of domain-generality were not taken into account. Analyzing three studies (N between 253 and 547 participants), we found a fixed pattern of cross-task correlations for both metacognitive bias and metacognitive efficiency. We used confirmatory factor analyses to investigate the existence of general processes. We found evidence for a weak domain-generality with a metacognitive module for perceptual tasks and another for cognitive tasks. From our structural equation modeling analyses with metacognitive bias, we concluded that previous work found spurious correlations in metacognitive efficiency between these perceptual and cognitive modules likely due to metacognitive bias.

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Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation to the left anterior medial prefrontal cortex influences metacognitive efficiency

Cited by 3 publications

References 131 publications

Neural correlates of metacognition: Disentangling the brain circuits underlying prospective and retrospective second‐order judgments through noninvasive brain stimulation

Neural correlates of metacognition: Disentangling the brain circuits underlying prospective and retrospective second‐order judgments through noninvasive brain stimulation

Theta Signal Transfer from Parietal to Prefrontal Cortex Ignites Conscious Awareness of Implicit Knowledge during Sequence Learning

Metacognition in decision making across domains and modalities: evidence from three studies

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