Continuous tilt monitoring: Lesson learned from 20 years experience at Mt. Etna

Bonaccorso, Alessandro; Campisi, O.; Falzone, Giuseppe; Gambino, Salvatore

doi:10.1029/143gm19

Cited by 21 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Etna permanent tilt network ( Fig. 4a) comprises 9 bi-axial instruments installed in shallow boreholes at about 3 m depth, and 1 long baseline instrument (Bonaccorso et al 2004). The borehole instruments use a high precision electrolytic bubble sensor to measure the angular movement and are equipped with AGI model 510 tiltmeters with a precision of 0.01 μrad, or model 722, with a precision of 0.1 μrad.…”

Section: Tilt Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ground deformation modeling of flank dynamics prior to the 2002 eruption of Mt. Etna

et al. 2007

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On 22 September 2002, 1 month before the beginning of the flank eruption on the NE Rift, an M-3.7 earthquake struck the northeastern part of Mt. Etna, on the westernmost part of the Pernicana fault. In order to investigate the ground deformation pattern associated with this event, a multi-disciplinary approach is presented here. Just after the earthquake, specific GPS surveys were carried out on two small sub-networks, aimed at monitoring the eastern part of the Pernicana fault, and some baselines belonging to the northeastern EDM monitoring network of Mt. Etna were measured. The leveling route on the northeastern flank of the volcano was also surveyed. Furthermore, an investigation using SAR interferometry was performed and also the continuous tilt data recorded at a high precision sensor close to the epicenter were analyzed to constrain the coseismic deformation. The results of the geodetic surveys show a ground deformation pattern that affects the entire northeastern flank of the volcano, clearly shaped by the Pernicana fault, but too strong and wide to be related only to an M-3.7 earthquake. Leveling and DInSAR data highlight a local strong subsidence, up to 7 cm, close to the Pernicana fault. Significant displacements, up to 2 cm, were also detected on the upper part of the NE Rift and in the summit craters area, while the displacements decrease at lower altitude, suggesting that the dislocation did not continue further eastward. Three-dimensional GPS data inversions have been attempted in order to model the ground deformation source and its relationship with the volcano plumbing system. The model has also been constrained by vertical displacements measured by the leveling survey and by the deformation map obtained by SAR interferometry.

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Section: Tilt Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Mt. Etna long baseline instrument has been able, in recent years, to also detect small variations related to seismic, eruptive, and explosive events (Bonaccorso et al 2004).…”

Section: Tilt Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Ground deformation modeling of flank dynamics prior to the 2002 eruption of Mt. Etna

et al. 2007

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“…Etna and Stromboli (Fig. 3a), for example, have permanent, multidisciplinary monitoring systems which enable precursory signals to be detected and recognised well in advance of an eruption (Bonaccorso et al 2004;Patané et al 2004;Puglisi et al 2004;Martini et al 2007;Bertolaso et al 2008a, b;Rizzo et al 2008;Tarchi et al 2008;Calvari et al 2010Calvari et al , 2011Di Traglia et al 2014). In addition, the responsibilities of the monitoring scientists have been clearly identified by the Italian Government and Civil Protection authorities.…”

Section: Lessons Learned On Communications During Recent Eruptions Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supporting the Development of Procedures for Communications During Volcanic Emergencies: Lessons Learnt from the Canary Islands (Spain) and Etna and Stromboli (Italy)

Solana

Calvari

Kilburn

et al. 2017

Advances in Volcanology

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Volcanic crises are complex and especially challenging to manage. Volcanic unrest is characterised by uncertainty about whether an eruption will or will not take place, as well as its possible location, size and evolution. Planning is further complicated by the range of potential hazards and the variety of disciplines involved in forecasting and responding to volcanic emergencies. Effective management is favoured at frequently active volcanoes, owing to the experience gained through the repeated 'testing' of systems of communication. Even when plans have not been officially put in place, the groups involved tend to have an understanding of their roles and responsibilities and those of others. Such experience is rarely available at volcanoes that have been quiescent for several generations. Emergency responses are less effective, not only because of uncertainties about the volcanic system itself, but also because scientists, crisis directors, managers and the public are inexperienced in volcanic unrest. In such situations, tensions and misunderstandings result in poor communication and have the potential to affect decision making

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“…Etna earthquakes: log(Mo) = (17.60 ± 0.37) + (1.12 ± 0.10) * M L (2) where M L is the local Magnitude of each event. After the conversion of M d in M L by using the [41] relation:…”

Section: Tilt Expected From Seismicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Etna, a tilt network measures ground angular movements using borehole and long-base instruments [2,3]. Borehole instruments use high precision electrolytic *Corresponding Author: Salvatore Gambino: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia-Osservatorio Etneo, Piazza Roma 2, 95123 Catania, Italy, E-mail: gambino@ct.ingv.it; tel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tilt offset associated with local seismicity: the Mt. Etna January 9, 2001 seismic swarm.

Gambino

2016

Open Geosciences

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On the 9 th of January 2001 a seismic swarm on the southeastern flank of Mt. Etna at 3.5 km beside sea level (b.s.l.), caused co-seismic variations on short and long baseline tiltmeters of the Mt. Etna permanent tilt network. Taking account of the geometry and mechanism of the active tectonic structure obtained by seismological studies, the theoretical tilt linked to the faulting source was calculated at multiple different recording stations. It was found that the amount of measured deformation exceeded that which was generated seismically, indicating that much of the deformation along the fault was aseismic. The 9 January 2001 episode represents a shear response to a local stress caused by a volcanic source that acted in the period preceding the 2001 eruption. Tilt data also suggest a marked slip of 70-140 cm along the fault, probably due to the presence of fluids.

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Continuous tilt monitoring: Lesson learned from 20 years experience at Mt. Etna

Cited by 21 publications

References 38 publications

Ground deformation modeling of flank dynamics prior to the 2002 eruption of Mt. Etna

Ground deformation modeling of flank dynamics prior to the 2002 eruption of Mt. Etna

Supporting the Development of Procedures for Communications During Volcanic Emergencies: Lessons Learnt from the Canary Islands (Spain) and Etna and Stromboli (Italy)

Tilt offset associated with local seismicity: the Mt. Etna January 9, 2001 seismic swarm.

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