Continuous ultrasonic process for in situ compatibilization of polypropylene/natural rubber blends

Oh, Jeong Seok; Isayev, A. I.; Rogunova, M.

doi:10.1016/s0032-3861(03)00080-6

Cited by 75 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Thus, based on the reactivity of these macroradicals, the ultrasound was employed as a new methodology to improve the compatibility of two incompatible polymer blends. Due to chain scission with macroradicals formation, sonochemically induced reactions can lead to inter-polymer radical coupling and measurable block copolymers which are useful for reactive compatibilization [17][18][19][20]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasonic compatibilization of polyelectrolyte complex based on polysaccharides for biomedical applications

Belluzo

Medina

Cortizo

et al. 2016

Ultrasonics Sonochemistry

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a b s t r a c tIn recent years, there has been an increasing interest in the design of biomaterials for cartilage tissue engineering. This type of materials must meet several requirements. In this study, we apply ultrasound to prepare a compatibilized blend of polyelectrolyte complexes (PEC) based on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and chitosan (CHI), in order to improve stability and mechanical properties through the interpolymer macroradicals coupling produced by sonochemical reaction. We study the kinetic of the sonochemical degradation of each component in order to optimize the experimental conditions for PEC compatibilization. Scaffolds obtained applying this methodology and scaffolds without ultrasound processing were prepared and their morphology (by scanning electron microscopy), polyelectrolyte interactions (by FTIR), stability and mechanical properties were analyzed. The swelling kinetics was studied and interpreted based on the structural differences between the two kinds of scaffolds. In addition we evaluate the possible in vitro cytotoxicity of the scaffolds using macrophage cells in culture. Our results demonstrate that the ultrasound is a very efficient methodology to compatibilize PEC, exhibiting improved properties compared with the simple mixture of the two polysaccharides. The test with murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells showed no evince of cytotoxicity, suggesting that PEC biomaterials obtained under ultrasound conditions could be useful in the cartilage tissue engineering field.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasonic compatibilization of polyelectrolyte complex based on polysaccharides for biomedical applications

Belluzo

Medina

Cortizo

et al. 2016

Ultrasonics Sonochemistry

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“…The details of the ultrasonic extrusion system can be found in an earlier article. 12 Although this equipment allowed for the use of two horns in these experiments, only one horn was activated. For every composition, the amplitudes of the ultrasonic waves for treatment were 0, 5, 7.5, and 10 mm, unless the machine was overloaded.…”

Section: Ultrasound Treatments Of Pp Pa6 and Their Blendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[7][8][9][10] A more recent development is the application of ultrasound to compatibilize polymer blends. [11][12][13][14][15][16] However, the molecular underpinning of this compatibilization is virtually unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasonic treatment of polypropylene, polyamide 6, and their blends

Lin

Isayev

2006

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The mechanical and rheological properties of polypropylene (PP), polyamide 6 (PA6), and their blends treated by high-intensity ultrasound during extrusion were investigated. A lower head pressure was achieved in the extrusion of these thermoplastics. The mechanochemical and sonochemical effects of ultrasound led to simultaneous ionic condensation reactions and degradation in a homogeneous melt of PA6, with a prevailing effect of enhanced polycondensation reactions. The observed improvements in the mechanical properties of ultrasonically treated PA6 were attributed to condensation reactions, which yield a higher molecular weight, a higher crystallinity, and a more uniform crystal size distribution. At high ultrasound amplitudes, for PP, the degradation of polymer chains was observed with little deterioration of the mechanical properties. For ultrasonically treated PP/PA6 blends, a competition between the degradation and partial in situ compatibilization effect was found. At certain blend ratios, the tensile toughness and impact strength of the treated blends were almost double those of the untreated blends. However, full compatibilization was not achieved, possibly because of the low coupling selectivity of highly reactive radicals.

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“…Shearing can be created on a two roll mill [10][11][12], in a batch mixer [4], or in a singleor twin-screw extruder [13][14][15][16][17]. Irradiation processes include microwave [18][19][20][21][22] and ultrasonic wave devulcanization [23,24]. The three-dimensional rubber network can be broken down by microwaves and ultrasonic waves.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel industrial technique for recycling ethylene-propylene-diene waste rubber

Mohaved

Ansarifar

Nezhad

et al. 2015

Polymer Degradation and Stability

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Continuous ultrasonic process for in situ compatibilization of polypropylene/natural rubber blends

Cited by 75 publications

References 15 publications

Ultrasonic compatibilization of polyelectrolyte complex based on polysaccharides for biomedical applications

Ultrasonic compatibilization of polyelectrolyte complex based on polysaccharides for biomedical applications

Ultrasonic treatment of polypropylene, polyamide 6, and their blends

A novel industrial technique for recycling ethylene-propylene-diene waste rubber

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