AcknowledgmentsI first would like to thank Mark Raizen. Speaking to Mark about his research initially motivated me to attend UT Austin. I owe Mark immense gratitude for him giving me the opportunity to do research under his supervision despite my limited background in experimental physics. When I began as a research assistant in Mark's lab in the fall of 2008, Mark and my colleagues at the time had recently pioneered two techniques -the "atomic coilgun" and single-photon cooling -that could in principle be applied in tandem toward the trapping and cooling of almost any atom in addition to many molecules. Being present as these ideas materialized and evolved was exciting and motivating. I thoroughly enjoyed working on applying these techniques toward the trapping and cooling of hydrogen atoms.Mark's ideas evolved into real applications including lithography and isotope separation. What began as "single-photon atomic sorting" ultimately evolved into the topic of this dissertation: Magnetically Activated and Guided Isotope Separation. I am very grateful to Mark for the opportunity to contribute toward realizing MAGIS. Having been able to contribute to both basic research and a very imminent application, I think that my graduate experience has been truly unique. I admire Mark's efforts toward realizing MAGIS as a real tool for producing stable isotopes with diverse and beneficial applications, and I hope that this work will facilitate these efforts. Even while working on pressing research (like MAGIS), Mark afforded me a great deal of creative freedom that benefited me immensely in acquiring expertise in many areas.Part of my unique experience involved working closely with Bruce Klappauf, a research scientist who co-proposed MAGIS with Mark and laid out the framework for our experiment using lithium. Bruce has very impressive experience and knowledge, and I learned a great deal while working on this experiment with him. I greatly appreciated his patience and willingness to explain things that were unclear to me (notably letting me contribute over his shoulder as he setup most of the laser system that we built). iv Bruce's Python simulations that facilitated the design for our apparatus were extremely impressive. Bruce was responsible for all of the simulations discussed in Chapter 2.Prior to working on MAGIS, I worked toward trapping and cooling atomic hydrogen mainly with Adam Libson. I have immense respect for Adam's physical intuition: Adam explained many things to me in a simple manner. Due to my respect for him, Adam substantially influenced my way of thinking as a physicist. Building the quadrupole trap for interfacing to our coilgun was one of the most rewarding experiences for me as a graduate student. When we ran into problems, Adam repeatedly derived solutions; he has a penchant for staying calm and methodically tackling problems. I admire all of his work in Mark's lab, including helium slowing using the rotor apparatus and the early magnetic slowing of neon and molecular oxygen.I also worked closely with ...