Continuous-wave lasing in an organic–inorganic lead halide perovskite semiconductor

applications, such as solar cells, [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] lightemitting devices (LEDs), [8][9][10] photodetectors, [11][12][13] and lasers. [14][15][16][17] Regarding the solar cells, the diffusion of photogenerated carriers and photon recycling are the two possible energy transport pathways that could affect the internal carrier dynamics and device performances. [18][19][20][21] Both processes may cause a similar influence in the external emission wavelength. Whereas, their influences on carrier lifetime, external photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield (QY), as well as opencircuit voltage (V OC ) and efficiency of the solar cells are different. [18,19] Photon recycling refers to the regeneration of an excitation via the self-reabsorption of emission from recombining photogenerated charge pairs. [18] For solar cells, generally, the performance can be boosted by a highly efficient photon recycling process. [18][19][20][21] As demonstrated previously, photon recycling will boost an additional open-cir-) according to, [20] ln 1 1where k is the Boltzmann constant, q is the elementary charge of an electron, T C is the cell temperature, η IN is the internal quantum efficiency, and p r is the probability of photon recycling. On the other hand, for LEDs, strong photon recycling implies a low outcoupling probability (η esc ), which is detrimental for external efficiency. For example, an internal PL QY lower than 95% can result in an external PL QY lower than 50%. [18] Moreover, the photophysics behind photon recycling and carrier diffusion are different. The high photon recycling efficiency generally requires a large overlapping of its PL spectrum with the absorption spectrum, a strong photon confinement, and a high-internal PL quantum yield. [18][19][20] While long carrier diffusion length is ensured by long carrier lifetime, high carrier mobility, and low defect density. [22][23][24][25][26][27] These two energy transport pathways imply different applications, therefore, it is crucial to evaluate the contributions of photon recycling and carrier diffusion in lead halide perovskites.In perovskites, very long diffusion lengths exceeding 1 µm in solution-fabricated films and hundreds of micrometers in single crystals have been reported, [22][23][24][25][26][27] enabling the radiative recombination of charge carriers at positions far away from the excitation spot. On the other hand, due to the highly efficient band-to-band transitions, large absorption coefficients, Photon recycling and carrier diffusion are the two plausible processes that primarily affect the carrier dynamics in halide perovskites, and therefore the evaluation of the performance of their photovoltaic and photonic devices. However, it is still challenging to isolate their individual contributions because both processes result in a similar emission redshift. Herein, it is confirmed that photon recycling is the dominant effect responsible for the observed redshifted emission. By applying one-and two-photon confocal emission microscopy on Ruddlesden-Popper type ...

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Dominant Energy Transport Pathway in Halide Perovskites: Photon Recycling or Carrier Diffusion?

Gan

Wen

Chen

et al. 2019

Advanced Energy Materials

104

116

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“…In addition to efficient luminescence, LHP‐NCs also exhibit good coherent emissions, which can be exploited in conventional lasing based on population inversion and low‐threshold exciton–polariton lasing; this exploitation is due to their high absorption, high PLQY, and low nonradiative recombination loss endowed by excellent defect tolerance ( Table 3 ). The emission wavelength of the laser can be tuned over the entire visible range by changing components and structures of LHP‐NCs. Using a natural whispering‐gallery‐mode optical resonant cavity with a polygonal morphology or a natural Fabry–Pérot optical cavity with single‐crystal nanowires, mesoscopic LHPs exhibit low‐threshold lasing .…”

Section: Lasing Based On Lhp‐ncsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using a natural whispering‐gallery‐mode optical resonant cavity with a polygonal morphology or a natural Fabry–Pérot optical cavity with single‐crystal nanowires, mesoscopic LHPs exhibit low‐threshold lasing . By comparison, an additional optical resonant cavity or feedback structure needs to be incorporated into LHP‐NCs with dimensions of only several nanometers to stimulate coherent emission, which does not offer a distinct advantage, e.g., a threshold, over bulky LHPs in population inversion lasing …”

Section: Lasing Based On Lhp‐ncsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because of the excellent defect tolerance, the theoretical threshold loss caused from trap‐assisted nonradiative recombination is low, however, in population inversion lasing, the gain medium still need to be exposed to a high pumping fluence (femtosecond laser, at a level of approximately mJ cm −2 ) to reach the threshold of population inversion, which is a significant challenge to the stability of LHP‐NCs at room temperature. The superb stability of CsPbBr 3 NCs at high temperature up to 690 K makes them more suitable for such lasing applications .…”

Section: Lasing Based On Lhp‐ncsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The superb stability of CsPbBr 3 NCs at high temperature up to 690 K makes them more suitable for such lasing applications . Thus far, because competing Auger nonradiative recombination occurs on the order of picoseconds, lasers with ultrashort pulses in the femtosecond range have been used to pump the gain medium of LHP‐NCs . Yet a breakthrough for the realization of optically pumped continuous wave lasing operating at room temperature is required.…”

Section: Lasing Based On Lhp‐ncsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Light Generation in Lead Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals: LEDs, Color Converters, Lasers, and Other Applications

Yan

Tan

et al. 2019

Small

100

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Facile solution processing lead halide perovskite nanocrystals (LHP‐NCs) exhibit superior properties in light generation, including a wide color gamut, a high flexibility for tuning emissive wavelengths, a great defect tolerance and resulting high quantum yield; and intriguing electric feature of ambipolar transport with moderate and comparable mobility. As a result, LHP‐NCs have accomplished great achievements in various light generation applications, including color converters for lighting and display, light‐emitting diodes, low threshold lasing, X‐ray scintillators, and single photon emitters. Herein, the considerable progress that has been made thus far is reviewed along with the current challenges and future prospects in the light generation applications of LHP‐NCs.

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Light Emission of Halide Perovskites

Tiede,

Galisteo‐López,

Míguez

2023

Halide Perovskite Semiconductors

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Continuous-wave lasing in an organic–inorganic lead halide perovskite semiconductor

Cited by 392 publications

References 26 publications

The Dominant Energy Transport Pathway in Halide Perovskites: Photon Recycling or Carrier Diffusion?

The Dominant Energy Transport Pathway in Halide Perovskites: Photon Recycling or Carrier Diffusion?

Light Generation in Lead Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals: LEDs, Color Converters, Lasers, and Other Applications

Light Emission of Halide Perovskites

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