Continuous-wave operation of a single-frequency optical parametric oscillator at 4–5 μm based on periodically poled LiNbO_3

Herpen, M.M.J.W. van; Bisson, Scott E.; Harren, F.J.M.

doi:10.1364/ol.28.002497

Cited by 52 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Also, the absorption of idler wave inside the nonlinear crystal causes the thermal loading 12,13 of the nonlinear crystal and results in a decrease in the conversion e±ciency. [14][15][16] There are some other OPO con¯gurations to suppress the back conversion, for example, using a two-crystal OPO with four dichroic mirrors. 17 But such con¯gurations have some limitations, such as longer build-up time due to the use of ring cavity and more signal loss due to the use of four mirrors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling and design of singly-resonant optical parametric oscillator with an intracavity idler absorber for enhanced conversion efficiency for the signal

Singh

Shenoy

2017

J. Nonlinear Optic. Phys. Mat.

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We present modeling and design of continuous-wave (cw) singly-resonant optical parametric oscillator (SR-OPO) with an intracavity idler absorber to enhance the conversion e±ciency for the signal by suppressing the back conversion of the signal and idler to the pump. Following plane wave analysis, we arrive at the optimum parameters of the OPO, with the intracavity idler absorber, to achieve high conversion e±ciency for the signal. For a given pump intensity, we have analyzed the e®ect of position and number of absorbers required for optimum performance of the device. The model is also extended to the case in which the signal is absorbed, yielding higher conversion e±ciency for the idler (in mid-IR region). The magnitude of absorption and the e®ect of intercrystal phase shift on the conversion e±ciency are also discussed. We also present an analytical solution for twin-crystal SR-OPO with an absorber in between, taking into account the variation of signal amplitude inside the cavity, we rea±rm that the frequently used constant signal-wave approximation is valid if the re°ectivity of the output coupler is high for the signal.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling and design of singly-resonant optical parametric oscillator with an intracavity idler absorber for enhanced conversion efficiency for the signal

Singh

Shenoy

2017

J. Nonlinear Optic. Phys. Mat.

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“…The strength of continuous wave, mid-infrared, optical parametric oscillators (OPOs) lies in their ability to cover a broad spectral range, while offering high power and exceptional beam characteristics in terms of beam profile, linewidth and stability [1][2][3][4][5][6]. This makes the OPO an excellent light source for spectroscopic purposes, especially when it is operated in the 3-5 µm wavelength range where many molecules important for life science have strong characteristic absorptions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast to conventional photoacoustic detection with microphones, QEPAS makes use of a quartz tuning fork (developed as a frequency reference for clocks and watches) as both a detector and high-Q resonator for the acoustic signal. Although the sensitivities that can be reached are comparable to those of conventional photoacoustic spectroscopy, QEPAS has the advantage of a small gas sampling volume (∼ 1 mm 3 ). This volume is ultimately determined by the space between the two prongs of the tuning fork.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuous wave optical parametric oscillator for quartz-enhanced photoacoustic trace gas sensing

et al. 2007

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“…The system and crystal performance at high pump powers have been studied. , with wavelengths up to 5 μm also obtained at the mW power level [7]. However, the intrinsic onset of absorption in MgO:PPLN and other oxide-based ferroelectric materials beyond ∼4 μm presents a fundamental barrier to wavelength generation at practical powers further into the mid-IR.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As such, for practical generation of widely tunable cw radiation in the mid-IR, nonlinear optical techniques based on difference-frequency generation (DFG) [2] and optical parametric oscillators (OPOs) [5] still represent a highly effective approach. The cw OPOs based on MgO-doped periodically poled LiNbO 3 (MgO:PPLN) are now firmly established as the most effective approach for the generation of tunable high-power radiation up to ∼4 μm [6], with wavelengths up to 5 μm also obtained at the mW power level [7]. However, the intrinsic onset of absorption in MgO:PPLN and other oxide-based ferroelectric materials beyond ∼4 μm presents a fundamental barrier to wavelength generation at practical powers further into the mid-IR.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuous-wave, multimilliwatt, mid-infrared source tunable across 64–75 μm based on orientation-patterned GaAs

Devi

Schunemann²,

Ebrahim-Zadeh³

2014

Opt. Lett.

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We report a continuous-wave (cw) source of tunable mid-infrared radiation providing tens of milliwatt of output power in the 6460-7517 nm spectral range. The source is based on difference-frequency generation (DFG) in orientation-patterned (OP)-GaAs pumped by a Tm-fiber laser at 2010 nm and a 1064 nm-Yb-fiber-pumped cw optical parametric oscillator. Using a 25.7-mm-long OP-GaAs crystal, we have generated up to 51.1 mW of output power at 6790 nm, with >40 mW and >20 mW across 32% and 80% of the mid-infrared tuning range, respectively, which is to the best of our knowledge the highest tunable cw power generated in OP-GaAs in this spectral range. The DFG output at maximum power exhibits passive power stability better than 2.3% rms over more than 1 h and a frequency stability of 1.8 GHz over more than 1 min, in high spatial beam quality. The system and crystal performance at high pump powers have been studied. , with wavelengths up to 5 μm also obtained at the mW power level [7]. However, the intrinsic onset of absorption in MgO:PPLN and other oxide-based ferroelectric materials beyond ∼4 μm presents a fundamental barrier to wavelength generation at practical powers further into the mid-IR. As such, the search for alternative nonlinear materials with high transmission above ∼4 μm and effective techniques for spectral expansion into the longer mid-IR wavelengths must be explored. In this context, orientation-patterned (OP)-GaAs is a highly attractive nonlinear crystal. Its high nonlinear coefficient d eff d 14 ∼ 94 pm∕V [8], wide transparency across 0.9-17 μm, high thermal conductivity (46 W/mK), and high damage threshold [9] make it a primary candidate for deep mid-IR generation. Its nonlinear figure of merit, F d 2 eff ∕n 3 (n is the refractive index), is nearly ten times that of MgO:PPLN. In an early report, a pulsed OPO based on OP-GaAs, tunable in the 5.7-9.1 μm range was demonstrated, using a PPLN OPO pumped by a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser at 1064 nm [10]. Recently, a pulsed OP-GaAs OPO tunable over 8.8-11.5 μm was reported using direct pumping with a Q-switched Tm, Ho:YLF laser [11]. However, the development of cw OPOs at wavelengths >4 μm still remains a major challenge, in a large part due to the high threshold sensitivity to cavity loss in practical singly resonant configuration, combined with the difficulty in achieving relatively complex mirror and crystal coatings of high quality and low loss in the deep mid-IR spectral range to achieve oscillation threshold. In the meantime, one can circumvent this obstacle by deploying the alternative technique of DFG, which is single-pass and does not require the attainment of an oscillation threshold. The technique can provide an effective and robust approach for the generation of nonnegligible output powers at longer wavelengths [2]. In the past few years, DFG based on OP-GaAs, with cw output powers up to several μW has been demonstrated [12]. A few years ago, a cw source tunable across 7.6-8.2 μm with sub-mW output power was reported by using DFG between an Er-doped f...

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Continuous-wave operation of a single-frequency optical parametric oscillator at 4–5 μm based on periodically poled LiNbO_3

Cited by 52 publications

References 13 publications

Modeling and design of singly-resonant optical parametric oscillator with an intracavity idler absorber for enhanced conversion efficiency for the signal

Modeling and design of singly-resonant optical parametric oscillator with an intracavity idler absorber for enhanced conversion efficiency for the signal

Continuous wave optical parametric oscillator for quartz-enhanced photoacoustic trace gas sensing

Continuous-wave, multimilliwatt, mid-infrared source tunable across 64–75 μm based on orientation-patterned GaAs

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