Abstract:Abstract. In this paper a continuous wave (cw) spectrometer in the far infrared range covering frequencies between several tens Gigahertz and one Terahertz is presented. The spectrometer employed a coherent detection scheme and therefore measures both the amplitude and phase of THz radiation. First spectroscopic results of Si-wafer and a test Bragg structure are presented.
“…2, and to compare it to the distance in frequency obtained for the setup with a sample. The measurements should be performed along all the bandwidth of the pho− tomixer to obtain a continuous spectrum of the refractive index [13,14,16]. The same result is possible to obtain much easier in a pulsed system.…”
The paper gives the results of refractive indexes for three plastic materials: polyethylene, polymethyl methacrylate and polyvinyl chloride, which are measured and compared in two arrangements - a CW THz photomixer and a pulsed THz spectrometer.
“…2, and to compare it to the distance in frequency obtained for the setup with a sample. The measurements should be performed along all the bandwidth of the pho− tomixer to obtain a continuous spectrum of the refractive index [13,14,16]. The same result is possible to obtain much easier in a pulsed system.…”
The paper gives the results of refractive indexes for three plastic materials: polyethylene, polymethyl methacrylate and polyvinyl chloride, which are measured and compared in two arrangements - a CW THz photomixer and a pulsed THz spectrometer.
“…Since the κ coefficient is equal to the quotient of specific heat at constant pressure c p to specific heat at constant volume, c v , [12], the κ E coefficient for ethylene is…”
Section: Filling the Tank Beneath The Inert Gas With Cargo Vapour To ...mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Flow rate, ṁ, can be calculated treating throttling in the pipeline as from the nozzle flow equation. Because the model assumes flow through a constant diameter pipeline, the flow through the de Laval nozzle was assumed for simplification of calculations, according to the formula [7,12]…”
Section: Filling the Tank Beneath The Inert Gas With Cargo Vapour To ...mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…After transforming the above equation according to the scheme of solving differential linear equations [12], we obtain the formula for the mass of ethylene as a function of time…”
The paper is a thermodynamics analysis of the removal of any inert gas from the tank using the vapors of any liquefied petroleum gas cargo (called cargo tank gassing-up operation). For this purpose, a thermodynamic model was created which considers two boundary cases of this process. The first is a 'piston pushing' of inert gas using liquefied petroleum gas vapour. The second case is complete mixing of both gases and removal the mixture from the tank to the atmosphere until desired concentration or amount of liquefied petroleum gas cargo in the tank is reached. Calculations make it possible to determine the amount of a gas used to complete the operation and its loss incurred as a result of total mixing of both gases.
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