Continuum mechanics characterization of plastic deformation-induced oxide film rupture

Abstract

The ® lm rupture behaviour of dynamically strained metastable Ti± 15 wt% Mo± 3 wt% Nb± 3 wt% Al in the solution-treated and aged (STA) (b ‡ a) condition that is prone to coplanar slip was examined. Film rupture was detected by rapid data acquisition (10 000 Hz, 40 nA resolution) of repassivation current transients on fatigue precracked, circumferentially notched, and smooth tensile specimens. Finite element modelling of notch stress and strain ® elds was conducted to correlate the onset of ® lm rupture with continuum mechanics analysis of notch stress and strain ® elds. Discrete ® lm rupture repassivation transients were only observed in notched and smooth specimens when local notch stresses exceeded the uniaxial tensile yield strength of the STA alloy over a depth of about four grain diameters, and upon necking, respectively. Such extensive plastic deformation was a necessary but not su cient criterion for observation of discrete current transients. Local plastic strain rates exceeding 1:4 10 ¡ 5 s ¡ 1 were also required for ® lm rupture detection. It is theorized that such plastic strain rates are required to result in emergence times of individual dislocations such that individual repassivation events overlap and sum to form an observable superdislocation current spike. Otherwise a gradual rise in anodic current is observed. Evidence to support the former scenario includes (a) coplanar slip bands large enough to require > 1000 dislocations, (b) current spikes that become larger and narrower with strain rate, and (c) cessation of current spikes during load holds. Variations in solution composition (i.e. anion type), and solution pH had no discernible e ect on ® lm rupture, suggesting that, in the presence of 1 nm thick oxides, oxide ® lm properties play little role in ® lm rupture. Therefore, sub-surface deformation controls ® lm rupture on b -titanium alloys.

Stress-Affected Oxygen Reduction Reaction Rates on UNS S13800 Stainless Steel

“…The amperometric response during strain ramping is unique in that a reductive current peak occurs during tensile ramping with the converse being true during relaxation, despite many oxide growth, dissolution and defect/donor reactions being oxidative in nature ( Seyeux et al, 2013 ). The current polarity and time scale is not consistent with repassivation, which should produce anodic current peaks on the order of 1–10 ms upon applied tension ( Kolman and Scully, 1999 ). While some of this current may be a consequence of increased ORR, these peaks are clearly observed in the absence of oxygen.…”