In 1972, when Contour in Time was first published, a number of things about it were hailed as new and perhaps groundbreaking for the study of Eugene O'Neill. Noting that the book was only secondarily a work of criticism, Frederic Carpenter emphasized the primary purpose that Bogard articulated: to write "'a form of biography' which will discuss O'Neill's 'life in art. '" Suggesting that "obviously this fusion of biography with criticism is difficult, " he nevertheless thought that "when successful it produces something more than the sum of its parts. " Mardi Valgemäe agreed that as "'a form of biography' . . . the study succeeds admirably, " and John Henry Raleigh wrote that "'Contour in Time' is the fullest and finest charting of [O'Neill's] agonized process: a portrait of the artist as an autobiographer, young and old. " 1 Critics who represented the general reader's interests tended to be less impressed than academics, suggesting that the biographical ambition locked Bogard into what the young Joyce Carol Oates, in the New York Times Book