Contour Interaction and Temporal Masking in Strabismus and Amblyopia

Schor, Clifton; Terrell, Mark N; Peterson, D. K.

doi:10.1097/00006324-197605000-00001

Cited by 17 publications

(25 citation statements)

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“…This may seem surprising, considering that visual acuity in the amblyopic eye is reduced further when measured with the nonamblyopic eye open (Pugh, 1954;Schor, Terrell, & Peterson, 1976;von Noorden & Leffler, 1966). However, visual acuity and increment thresholds are very different tasks.…”

Section: Temporal Summationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of anisometropic suppression: Simple reaction time measurements

Planta

Kalloniatis

1998

Perception & Psychophysics

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The characteristics of artificially induced anisometropic suppression were investigated in observers with normal and abnormal binocular vision (anisometropic amblyopia) by using a simple reaction time paradigm. Reaction time was measured as a function of stimulus intensity for various stimulus durations. For all conditions, the reaction time increased as stimulus intensity decreased toward threshold. Wefound that traditional techniques for modeling this trend were inadequate, so we developed a simple visuogram method for comparing these functions. Using this technique, reaction time versus intensity functions are shown to be shape-invariant for all conditions examined. This means that, although reaction times are longer during induced anisometropic suppression or in anisometropic amblyopia, they are the same if contrast is normalized to equate threshold. The shapeinvariant nature of these functions is also consistent with the notion that a single mechanism mediates detection under these conditions. Temporal summation was investigated at both threshold (method of limits) and suprathreshold (criterion reaction time) levels. Again, because of shape invariance, the suprathreshold results mirror the threshold results. The critical duration (the duration at the intersection of the complete summation and zero summation regions) is not affected by any of the conditions. However, the critical intensity (the intensity for the zero summation region) is higher for the amblyopic eyes, as compared with the normal or nonamblyopic eyes. Induced anisometropic suppression always increases the critical intensity, with a smaller increase occurring for the amblyopic eyes. This suggests that amblyopic eyes do not have a need for strong suppression.

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Section: Temporal Summationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of anisometropic suppression: Simple reaction time measurements

Planta

Kalloniatis

1998

Perception & Psychophysics

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“…18 -23) and inhibition from the dominant eye may play a role. 14,24 Several studies indicate that temporal aspects of vision may be altered in amblyopia, too. 25 In the study by Harwerth et al, 26 the difference in contrast sensitivity between the amblyopic versus normal eyes of amblyopic monkeys was larger at high than at low temporal frequencies, with several studies in humans yielding similar results.…”

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confidence: 99%

Impaired Temporal, Not Just Spatial, Resolution in Amblyopia

Spang

Fahle

2009

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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“…The Bartley phenomenon is observable, but this explanation would not allow other alternation rates to be useful. (Schor et al, 1976). And, Schor et al's data showed that binocular acuity in amblyopia improved best at 7 Hz.…”

Section: Discussion: When Is a Monocular Stimulus Actually A Binoculamentioning

confidence: 96%

“…But, experience with these subjects as well as others (Schor, Terrell, Peterson, 1976;Hussey, 2012), shows that subjects can see through the alternating liquid crystal lenses. This suggests masking of the stimulus might actually be negated in rapid alternation.…”

Section: Masking (And Visibility)mentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Masking of-or rendering invisible-a target stimulus requires interfering with those on-and off-set signals in the visual transient neurology (Martinez-Conde, Macknik, Hubel, 2004;. Masking can be produced between eyes; that is, an image in one eye can mask or essentially eliminate the image in the other eye, a concept held to be an integral part of amblyopic suppression and also suggesting this type of masking is cortical (Schor, Terrell, Peterson, 1976;. One caution here: Evidence suggests inter-ocular masking at the cortex is actually weak .…”

Section: Masking (And Visibility)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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