Contoured in-shoe foot orthoses increase mid-foot plantar contact area when compared with a flat insert during cycling

Bousie, Jaquelin A.; Blanch, Peter; McPoil, Thomas G.; Vicenzino, Bill

doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2012.04.006

Cited by 22 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In addition, a study by Baur and colleagues [37] was also found but was excluded from this review as only the abstract was published in English (Table 1 and Figure 1). Based on the abstract alone [37], carbon-fibre foot orthoses provided a statistically significant decrease in midfoot plantar peak pressure (p < 0.001) compared to a control condition, which is in contrast to the findings of Bousie and colleagues who reported no difference between orthoses and flat inserts [17]. However, as the full article by Baur and colleagues [37] was published in German, it is difficult to ascertain if the dissimilar findings are due to differences in the design of both studies as well as the plantar pressure variables investigated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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The effect of foot orthoses and in‐shoe wedges during cycling: a systematic review

Yeo

Bonanno

2014

Journal of Foot and Ankle Research

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BackgroundThe use of foot orthoses and in-shoe wedges in cycling are largely based on theoretical benefits and anecdotal evidence. This review aimed to systematically collect all published research on this topic, critically evaluate the methods and summarise the findings.MethodsStudy inclusion criteria were: all empirical studies that evaluated the effects of foot orthoses or in-shoe wedges on cycling; outcome measures that investigated physiological parameters, kinematics and kinetics of the lower limb, and power; and, published in English. Studies were located by data-base searching (Medline, CINAHL, Embase and SPORTDiscus) and hand-searching in February 2014. Selected studies were assessed for methodological quality using a modified Quality Index. Data were synthesised descriptively. Meta-analysis was not performed as the included studies were not sufficiently homogeneous to provide a meaningful summary.ResultsSix studies were identified as meeting the eligibility criteria. All studies were laboratory-based and used a repeated measures design. The quality of the studies varied, with Quality Index scores ranging from 7 to 10 out of 14. Five studies investigated foot orthoses and one studied in-shoe wedges. Foot orthoses were found to increase contact area in the midfoot, peak pressures under the hallux and were perceived to provide better arch support, compared to a control. With respect to physiological parameters, contrasting findings have been reported regarding the effect foot orthoses have on oxygen consumption. Further, foot orthoses have been shown to not provide effects on lower limb kinematics and perceived comfort. Both foot orthoses and in-shoe wedges have been shown to provide no effect on power.ConclusionIn general, there is limited high-quality research on the effects foot orthoses and in-shoe wedges provide during cycling. At present, there is some evidence that during cycling foot orthoses: increase contact area under the foot and increase plantar pressures under the hallux, but provide no gains in power. Based on available evidence, no definitive conclusions can be made about the effects foot orthoses have on lower limb kinematics and oxygen consumption, and the effect in-shoe wedges have on power during cycling. Future well-designed studies on this topic are warranted.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…It would be intuitive to hypothesise that the increased conformity would result in greater comfort levels, yet no difference was found between the orthoses and the control [17]. It is possible that any potential benefit in comfort gained from the increased conformity was negated by the increase in pressure under the hallux [17].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of foot orthoses and in‐shoe wedges during cycling: a systematic review

Yeo

Bonanno

2014

Journal of Foot and Ankle Research

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“…This study proved that contoured insoles are better than flat insoles in reducing local peak pressures [18][19][20], but in relation to pressure relieving pain, are only 100% A at MH and 50-100% A at LH, which are lower pressures than the PMCPs. The pressures at CH are all lower than PMCP for the all insole foot areas ( Figure 6).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…High-heel shoes can shift pressure away from the heel to the mid-foot and fore-foot [17]. Contoured insoles are better than flat insoles in reducing local peak pressures [18][19][20]. A number of methods have been carried out to estimate the contact pressures or pressure distribution patterns in both feet for each subject during standing and/or walking activity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A number of methods have been carried out to estimate the contact pressures or pressure distribution patterns in both feet for each subject during standing and/or walking activity. The methods applied the finite element method (FEM) [15], used a pressure sensor, that is, the Force Sensing Resistor (FSR) [16,17], were based on a weighting scale method [18], used a flexible F-Scan ® insole sensing system [19], or used capacitance sensor/transducers (the PEDAR ® pressure measurement system) [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of In-Shoe Foot Orthosis Contours on Heel Pain Due to Calcaneal Spurs

et al. 2019

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The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of contouring the shoe insole on calcaneal pressure and heel pain in calcaneal spur patients. Calcaneal pressure was measured using three force sensors from 13 patients including three males and 10 females. These patients have plantar heel pain due to calcaneal spurs, and we examined five customized contour insole foot areas (0–100%). Sensors were attached at the central heel (CH), lateral heel (LH) and medial heel (MH) of the foot. The pain was measured using an algometer and evaluated by the pain minimum compressive pressure (PMCP). In this study, it was observed that the calcaneal pressure decreased with increasing insole foot area. In addition, increasing the insole foot area from 25% to 50% can reduce the calcaneal pressure approximately 17.4% at the LH and 30.9% at the MH, which are smaller than the PMCP, while at the MH, pressure reduced 6.9%, which is greater than the PMCP. Therefore, to reduce pain, one can use 50% insole foot area, even though at MH it is still 19.3% greater than the PMCP. Excellent pain relief was observed when using 100% insole foot area, as the pressures in those three areas are lower than the PMCPs, but it is not recommended because it requires large production costs.

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Functional Effects of Foot Orthoses

Nester¹

2018

Handbook of Human Motion

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Contoured in-shoe foot orthoses increase mid-foot plantar contact area when compared with a flat insert during cycling

Cited by 22 publications

References 25 publications

The effect of foot orthoses and in‐shoe wedges during cycling: a systematic review

The effect of foot orthoses and in‐shoe wedges during cycling: a systematic review

Effect of In-Shoe Foot Orthosis Contours on Heel Pain Due to Calcaneal Spurs

Functional Effects of Foot Orthoses

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