Contraception Use among Iranian Women With HIV: A Qualitative Study

Abstract

Background:The application of family planning methods to people with HIV not only prevents unwanted pregnancy, but also leads to a reduction in the possibility of transmission of the virus from the patient to the sexual partner and the fetus. In order to prevent the spread of HIV and enhance reproductive rights, it is necessary to inform women with HIV of the contraception methods.Objective:The aim of this study was to explore experiences of HIV positive women about contraception use.Method:This qualitative study was conducted on 18 women with HIV who were at reproductive age and had referred the Center for clients with Risky Behavior in Imam Khomeini Hospital. Data were analyzed using the conventional content analysis method in MAXQDA 10.Results:The following two themes were derived from descriptions of the use of contraception methods by women with HIV: 1) Contraception is the forgotten component of reproductive health services; 2) inconsistent condom use. Each theme also contained three sub-themes.Conclusion:Results of investigations showed that Risky Behavior consultation Centers mostly stress the use of condom for husband/sexual partners without HIV. In addition, since health care practitioners play an important role in provision of reproductive health services, their lack of knowledge and cooperation considerably contribute to the spread of the disease and violation of patient rights.

Sexual and reproductive health of women living with HIV in Muslim-majority countries: a systematic mixed studies review

“…Sample sizes ranged from 10 to 881 WLHIV who were interviewed or completed an individual questionnaire in a hospital (69.2%) or in a community-support group context. The authors of five papers (38.5%) reported on studies conducted in Iran [41,42,48,49,51], and five studies included an exploration of the SRH of men living with HIV [40,44,47,48,50].…”

“…Conversely, some other WLHIV in Iran expressed no fertility desire [41,42,49,51], describing reasons such as having a living child, having children living with HIV, concern about transmitting HIV to their baby, fear of their children being harmed if their HIV diagnosis was disclosed, uncertainty about the future and their health, and experiences of stigma and discrimination from healthcare providers during their previous pregnancy as key contributing factors [41,42,46,49]. Low fertility desire was also influenced by perceived and enacted pressure from healthcare providers to not become pregnant [30].…”

“…Inconsistent condom use was reported to be associated with desire for parenthood [40,49]. WLHIV's contraceptive decision-making was influenced by a range of social and cultural beliefs [40,[49][50][51]. Partner's contraceptive preferences and fertility desire, relationship power differentials, religious beliefs and norms restricting contraceptive use, and women's strong desire to have children were factors reportedly limiting the use of modern contraceptives [40,49,51].…”

Effective Strategies Small Retail Leaders Use to Engage Employees

“…The purpose of member checking is to ensure trustworthiness and credibility of data collection process (Matthews et al, 2016). Through member checking, the researcher can (a) request participants to approve the transcripts, (b) identify themes and codes from the responses, and (c) address transferability by keeping data on file and available upon request (Saeieh et al, 2016). To achieve member checking, I emailed or met with each participant within a week of the interview and attempted to prevent potential inaccuracies in the data collected.…”

Barriers to disclosure of disease in HIV-infected women: a qualitative study

“…This is the most effective prevention method. One of the causes of lack of condom usage in sexual relationships is lack of awareness of the sex partner's status [6]. The disclosure of HIV status as a voluntary or non-voluntary decision is a complex process, in which the person reports his/her status of the disease along with the cause, time, and place [7].…”