Contraceptive practices in Nigeria: Literature review and recommendation for future policy decisions

Monjok, Emmanuel; Smesny, Andrea; Ekabua, JE; Essien, E. James

doi:10.2147/oajc.s9281

Cited by 78 publications

(123 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…In 1988, the Nigeria Federal Ministry of Health adopted the "National Policy on Population for Development, Unity, Progress and Self-Reliance" (Essien et al (2010) (United Nations (2015); WHO (2012)). The 1988 National Policy on population encouraged open discussion and promotion of family planning (Essien et al (2010)) as a tactic to encourage the utilization, improve the standard of living, promote health, reduce mortality and morbidity, slow down population growth and control population drift to urban areas.…”

Section: Contraceptive Use In Nigeriamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 1988 National Policy on population encouraged open discussion and promotion of family planning (Essien et al (2010)) as a tactic to encourage the utilization, improve the standard of living, promote health, reduce mortality and morbidity, slow down population growth and control population drift to urban areas.…”

Section: Contraceptive Use In Nigeriamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the total fertility rate fell to about 5 per women from 6.2, this is clearly far from the targeted 4.0. The policy failure have been attributed to poor financing, poor use of contraceptives, lack of political will, poor and uncoordinated implementation strategies, leaving men out of the control, incessant policy changes as a result of political instability (Essien et al (2010)). …”

Section: Contraceptive Use In Nigeriamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It used only the public sector and clinic-based, physician-controlled family planning programs. This narrowed the coverage and left large gap of unmet demand for contraception (Essien et al (2010), ?). More worrisome is the level of contraceptive use among sexually active young women.…”

Section: Contraceptive Use In Nigeriamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluating Likelihood Estimation Methods in Multilevel Analysis of Clustered Survey Data

Fagbamigbe¹,

Bakre²

2018

AJAS

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Abstract. (Short Abstract) Public health researchers often lay little or no emphasis on multilevel structure of clustered data and its likelihood estimation techniques. This has led to improper inferences. The aim of this research is to evaluate traditional methods and the different multilevel likelihood estimation procedures so as to compare their computational efficiencies. 352Full Abstract. Introduction: Public health researchers often lay little or no emphasis on multilevel structure of clustered data and its likelihood estimation techniques. This has led to improper inferences. The aim of this research is to evaluate traditional methods and the different multilevel likelihood estimation procedures so as to compare their computational efficiencies.Methodology: We fitted mixed method effect regression model into data on use of modern contraceptive from the Nigeria 2012 National HIV/AIDS and Reproductive Health Survey (NARHS) PLUS II with respondent's characteristics as the independent variables. Also, 600,000 observations was simulated to evaluate the performance of Penalized Quasi-Likelihood (PQL), Non-Adaptive Gaussian Quadrature (NAGQ) and Adaptive Gaussian Quadrature (AGQ) using syntax for Mixed Effects Logit Models (XTMELOGIT) and Generalized Linear Latent and Mixed Models (GLLAMM) in Stata and Generalized Linear Mixed Models (GENLINMIXED) in SPSS.Result: Full Maximum Likelihood (ML) methods had highest likelihood values with lowest standard error and was considered the best model for both two and three levels logistic regression in both the survey and simulated data. PQL procedure was least biased compared to the other multilevel full FL methods. The full likelihood method had the least −2logL, AIC and BIC for the two dataset. Which implies that full likelihood procedure had the best fitted model. Also, current age of the respondents, wealth index, residence, education and religion are significant predictors of modern contraceptive use.Conclusion: Full ML performed better than quasi likelihood method at both two and three levels for both simulated and survey data. However, PQL appeared to be the best considering whether the estimates were biased or not. In terms of computational time, NAGQ with XTMELOGIT syntax was the fastest for two-levels and three levels model. The cluster-level effect is more significant than zonal level effect on modern contraceptive use in Nigeria.Résumé (French) Les chercheurs en santé publique accordent souvent peu ou pas d'importanceà la structure multi-niveau des données en grappes (clusterized) et a ses techniques d'estimation basées sur la vraisemblance. Cela peut conduireà des inférences incorrectes. Le but de cette recherche est d'évaluer les méthodes traditionnelles et les différentes procédures d'estimation de vraisemblance multiniveaux afin de comparer leur efficacité.

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Section: Contraceptive Use In Nigeriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Contraceptive Use In Nigeriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Contraceptive Use In Nigeriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Contraceptive Use In Nigeriamentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Evaluating Likelihood Estimation Methods in Multilevel Analysis of Clustered Survey Data

Fagbamigbe¹,

Bakre²

2018

AJAS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Access to safe voluntary family planning is therefore not only a human right but it is central to gender equality and women empowerment in addition to being a key factor in reducing poverty (UNFPA, 2016). Light has been shed on how family planning increases survival, improves the health of millions of people, and help achieve national goals (Monjok et al, 2010). Nevertheless, many people still lack access to Family Planning and Reproductive Health services due to various economic, socio cultural, and geographical barriers (Carr and Khan, 2004;Creel et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative assessment of modern contraceptives knowledge and utilization among women in urban and rural communities of Sokoto State, Nigeria

Tunau¹,

K.J²,

Hussaini³

et al. 2016

J. Med. Med. Sci

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Although, the effectiveness of contraception in reversing the high fertility rate that undergirds the high maternal mortality ratio in many developing countries of the world has been demonstrated in several studies, ironically, the contraceptive prevalence rate remains low in these countries. This study was conducted to assess modern contraceptives' knowledge and utilization among women in Sokoto State, Nigeria. A comparative cross sectional descriptive study among 401 women (rural 202, urban 199) selected by multistage sampling technique was conducted in the months of January and February 2010. Informed consent was obtained and information was collected using a pretested semi-structured questionnaire, data analysis was done using computer software, SPSS version 20. Although awareness of family planning services was high (rural 88.1%, urban 94.5%), knowledge of modern contraceptives was poor (rural 12.9%, urban 28.6%). Respondents with formal education were four times more likely to have good knowledge of modern contraceptive methods as compared to those with no formal education (aOR = 4.119, p < 0.001, 95% CI = 2.333 -7.274). Current use of modern contraceptives was correspondingly low (rural 5.0%, urban 22.6%). Respondents resident in urban communities were twice likely to use modern contraceptives as compared to those in rural communities (aOR= 2.116, p = 0.029, 95%CI = 1.080 -4.148). This study demonstrated poor knowledge and utilization of modern contraceptives among women in Sokoto State, Nigeria. These findings suggest the need for intensification of health education on family planning across the populations, girl child education and women empowerment to enable them make informed choices in issues regarding family planning, and equitable provision of family planning services in both urban and rural communities of the State.

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Wealth index, empowerment and modern contraceptive use among married women in Nigeria: are they interrelated?

2016

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Background Nigeria, a patriarchal society, is one of the more impoverished countries of the world and while its fertility and population growth rates are high, its modern contraceptive (MC) prevalence rate is low. The wealth status and decisionmaking power of a woman have implications on their use of MC. Studies that examined the relationship between women's empowerment, wealth index and MC use in Nigeria are scarce. Methods A national representative cross-sectional data on women of reproductive age (n = 5,098) was used. Data were analysed using Chi-square and interactive logistic regression models (α = 0.05). Results Mean age of the women was 32.9(σ = 8.0) and 23.8 % were currently using MC. Current use of MC was found to be higher among the following: Yoruba (48.5 %) than Igbo (27.3 %) and Hausa women (2.9 %); highly (36.9 %) than poorly empowered women (12.1 %); upper class (35.0 %) than lower class (5.9 %); and Christians (35.5 %) than Muslims (12.6 %; p < 0.001). Injectables and condoms were the most reported MC method currently used. In the interactive model, being in lower class and poorly empowered inhibits current use of MC. The predictors of current use of MC when wealth index and women empowerment were used either jointly or interactively in the controlled regression equation were wealth index, region, education, religion, ethnicity, family planning information access on media, receiving family planning information at health facility and living children sex composition. Conclusion Modern contraceptive prevalence rate among Nigerian women was low particularly among the lower class and poorly empowered. Strategies to improve the use of MC should target women in the lower class in Nigeria.

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Contraceptive practices in Nigeria: Literature review and recommendation for future policy decisions

Cited by 78 publications

References 51 publications

Evaluating Likelihood Estimation Methods in Multilevel Analysis of Clustered Survey Data

Evaluating Likelihood Estimation Methods in Multilevel Analysis of Clustered Survey Data

Comparative assessment of modern contraceptives knowledge and utilization among women in urban and rural communities of Sokoto State, Nigeria

Wealth index, empowerment and modern contraceptive use among married women in Nigeria: are they interrelated?

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