Contraceptive Use in Women with Inherited Metabolic Disorders: A Retrospective Study and Literature Review

Abstract

Background Reproductive planning is an emerging concern for women with inherited metabolic disease (IMD). Anticipatory guidance on contraception is necessary to prevent unintended pregnancies in this population. Few resources exist to aid informed decision-making on contraceptive choice. A retrospective case-control study was performed to examine trends in reproductive planning for adolescent and adult women seen at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP). Literature review on contraception and IMD was performed to assess global use. Results In a cohort of 221 reproductive-aged female IMD patients, 29.4% reported routine contraceptive use. Anticipatory guidance on contraception was provided by metabolism doctors to 36.8% of patients during the study period. Contraception discussion was more likely to occur in women older than 21 years, who lived independently and were followed by gynecology. Women who received contraception counseling from their metabolism provider were 40-fold more likely to use regular contraception. Use of combined hormonal contraceptives was most commonly reported, but contraception choice varied by age and IMD. Conclusion Metabolism providers are ideally suited to provide guidance on contraception to women with IMD. Reproductive planning should be addressed routinely using shared decision-making. Contraceptives should be selected for their efficacy, effects on metabolism, and likelihood of patient adherence.