From the increase in demand for renewable energy sources disseminated by the debate linked to the need for sustainable development of nations, justified by the fact that more and more non-renewable energy sources are in a state of scarcity, in addition to the environmental problems of greenhouse gas emissions. pollutants and economic problems of the need for nations to reduce their dependence on energy. The development of renewable energy alternatives at technical and organizational levels is essential to achieve the sustainable objectives determined by international agreements. In the specific case of Brazil, the production of biofuels derived from sugarcane is already a reality, however, it is noted that the production of sugarcane in Brazil has grown both in the advancement of the area and in productivity, but there are limits to the growth of your production. Thus, sugarcane biomass can be better used, from bagasse and straw, for the production of second generation ethanol (2G) and other products, by a biorefinery. However, the development of a biorefinery faces the challenges posed by industrial construction, spatial heterogeneity in the production and composition of biomass, the cost of coordinating the supply chain and the regulatory environment. The objective of the study is to explore the mechanisms that lead biorefineries to select a specific type of governance structure for the supply of lignocellulosic biomass, using the Principal Agent Based Model method. Starting with the understanding of the evolution of the Brazilian regulatory / institutional environment for ethanol, exploration of the concepts and agents involved in the production of second generation ethanol and the understanding of supply contracts already practiced in the sugar-energy sector. The development of the study is based on the premises of the main agent-based model to understand rules of behavior between biorefinery and suppliers. The results from the Conceptual Framework of the model of interaction between suppliers and biorefineries show that the institutional environment of first generation ethanol in Brazil influences the organization of the biomass supply chain, as the main pricing parameter is institutionally established between suppliers and producers. Thus, for the production of second generation ethanol, the verticalized governance structure would be the priority strategy for minimizing risks in the search for return on investment. Therefore, stakeholders tend to define the optimized level of verticalization according to the supply of raw material produced on their own land, necessary to reach the threshold of equilibrium for investment. In addition to this threshold, the raw material originates from leased land, and then from third-party suppliers, such as shareholders and independent producers, and the search for raw material in the spot market is an exception.