Contradictory Land Use Plans and Policies in Laos: Tenure Security and the Threat of Exclusion

Broegaard, Rikke Brandt; Vongvisouk, Thoumthone; Mertz, Ole

doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2016.08.008

Cited by 53 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Fifth, the PA zonation allows for comparison of villages with different experiences of the PA. Land‐use governance within and outside NEPL is currently formulated by PA management and local authorities through consultative land‐use planning at village level, which includes household surveys (Broegaard et al . ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Since then, rapid modernization of farming practices has led to a shift away from subsistence rice cultivation to cash cropping (Castella et al 2013;Vongvisouk et al 2016). Fifth, the PA zonation allows for comparison of villages with different experiences of the PA. Land-use governance within and outside NEPL is currently formulated by PA management and local authorities through consultative land-use planning at village level, which includes household surveys (Broegaard et al 2017).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessing Equity in Protected Area Governance: Approaches to Promote Just and Effective Conservation

Dawson

Martin

Danielsen³

2017

CONSERVATION LETTERS

135

101

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With the inclusion of equity concerns in Aichi Target 11 of the Convention on Biological Diversity, equitable management has become an important objective for the world's protected areas. The way equity is defined and operationalized influences whether this strategic shift can help identify pathways commensurate with conservation effectiveness. We examined equity around a protected area in Laos, combining quantitative and qualitative methods to explore the three dimensions of procedure, recognition, and distribution. Local understandings of equity depended on discrete, evolving issues, with attention to informal decision making and dynamic values required to uncover suitable solutions. We show that equity definitions focused on material distribution and assessments reliant on standardized indicators may result in inadequate responses that sustain local perceptions of inequitable management and miss opportunities for effective conservation. Equity should be considered a management goal to continually adapt toward, informed by stakeholder dialogue.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Equity in Protected Area Governance: Approaches to Promote Just and Effective Conservation

Dawson

Martin

Danielsen³

2017

CONSERVATION LETTERS

135

101

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“…Exclusionary conservation interventions since the 1990s restricted the high levels of use of a range of forest products by local populations (Vongvisouk et al 2016). Alongside conservation came policies to transform shifting cultivation of upland rice, which characterized the region's food production and primary livelihood, to more sedentary, continuous farming, though these policy goals were scarcely enforced (Broegaard et al 2017b). More recently, the region has seen a widespread change to cash cropping as merchants encouraged the planting of maize to feed livestock in Vietnam (Vongvisouk et al 2016).…”

Section: Study Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

“…More recently, the region has seen a widespread change to cash cropping as merchants encouraged the planting of maize to feed livestock in Vietnam (Vongvisouk et al 2016). To promote land use compatible with conservation of forests, consultative land use planning exercises are held roughly every 5 to 10 years involving local government officials, conservation managers, and villagers , Broegaard et al 2017b). …”

Section: Study Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In practice limited capacity, participation and longstanding political issues https://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol22/iss3/art12/ hamper their effectiveness ). In the absence of follow-up meetings, agreed solutions quickly lose relevance , or agreed boundaries may be overridden by other boundary-setting exercises (Broegaard et al 2017b). As such they do not act as forums through which decision making procedures may be improved or through which complex or entrenched injustices addressed.…”

Section: Implications For Conservation and Development Practicementioning

confidence: 99%

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Environmental justice research shows the importance of social feedbacks in ecosystem service trade-offs

Dawson¹,

Grogan²,

Martin³

et al. 2017

E&S

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Pasgaard, and L. V. Rasmussen. 2017. Environmental justice research shows the importance of social feedbacks in ecosystem service trade-offs. ABSTRACT. In this article, we shine a spotlight on approaches to research ecosystem service trade-offs and critically assess their representation of relevant social dynamics. Although studies linking ecosystem services and human well-being have provided theoretical insights into social and ecological trade-offs, we argue that ecosystem services research has paid insufficient attention to "social feedbacks," people's cognitive and behavioral responses to change. We demonstrate that augmenting ecosystem services research with environmental justice approaches (exploring perceptions of the distribution of costs and benefits, decision making procedures, and recognition of different values and identities) can more effectively capture important responses to ecosystem governance. Spatial analysis of land use change, mixed-method assessment of multidimensional well-being, and qualitative environmental justice research were applied in three villages adjacent to Nam Et-Phou Louey National Protected Area in northern Laos. Spatial analysis showed that, from 2006 to 2015, forest clearance for cultivation remained stable within the protected area. Well-being assessment revealed the local population benefited from rapidly increasing incomes, asset ownership, and reduced poverty during that time. In combination, spatial and well-being analyses paint a picture of limited trade-offs, despite growing incentives to exploit protected land and resources through cash crops and high-value forest products. In contrast, results from environmental justice research revealed profound trade-offs between conservation and local practices, and highlight governance deficiencies relating to procedure and recognition. Consequently, formal protected area rules were perceived to be illegitimate by many and actively undermined, for example through negotiated access with alternative authorities. We conclude that although well-being research provides an essential foundation to understand diverse attachments to natural resources, the addition of environmental justice research can reveal local perceptions and social feedbacks critical to ecosystem service trade-offs, and highlight pathways to reconcile them through satisfying stakeholders' diverse, dynamic objectives.

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Domestication of international norms for sustainable resource governance: Elite capture in Peru

2020

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In recent years, international actors have promoted international norms related to sustainable and inclusive resource governance. However, we know little about how such attempts are contested and adapted in domestic reform processes. Drawing on insights from norm diffusion and institutionalist theories, this article traces how first bilateral aid agencies and then OECD have influenced the institutionalisation of a contested land-use planning (LUP) reform in Peru from 1990 until 2017. Based on 145 interviews and written primary sources, we demonstrate that aid agencies have partially empowered policy coalitions (e.g., civil society and subnational actors) in favour of LUP, whereas OECD's interventions have favoured national elites opposed to LUP. In both cases, we argue that by failing to foresee the political resistance among economic actors and national elites, international actors have contributed to the weakening and elite capture of LUP. Hence, our analysis represents a case of weakly institutionalized norms. The findings extend the existing literature on extractive governance by providing a fine-grained analysis of the process in which national elites and societal coalitions domesticate the institutionalisation of international norms for sustainable and inclusive resource governance. Our findings have broader implications for debates about extractive governance as well as policy strategies for promoting institutional change in resource-rich middle-income countries.

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Contradictory Land Use Plans and Policies in Laos: Tenure Security and the Threat of Exclusion

Cited by 53 publications

References 71 publications

Assessing Equity in Protected Area Governance: Approaches to Promote Just and Effective Conservation

Assessing Equity in Protected Area Governance: Approaches to Promote Just and Effective Conservation

Environmental justice research shows the importance of social feedbacks in ecosystem service trade-offs

Domestication of international norms for sustainable resource governance: Elite capture in Peru

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