Contrast Analysis for the Evaluation of the Circadian Rhythms of Plasma Cortisol, Androstenedione, and Testosterone in Normal Men and the Possible Influence of Meals

Goldman, Jayme; Wajchenberg, B. L.; Liberman, Bernardo; Nery, Márcia; Achando, Setsuko S.; Germek, O. A.

doi:10.1210/jcem-60-1-164

Cited by 49 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Recent careful studies of the periodicity of ACTH secretion have demonstrated a rise in ACTH around mealtimes that is superimposed on the well-established diurnal pattern of hormone secretion. 20 Synchronous changes of aldosterone and cortisol strongly support the suggestion that ACTH is the principal regulator of aldosterone secretion in this condition. 4 - 21 Since plasma aldosterone, but not cortisol or corticosterone, levels are elevated in these patients, the abnormality appears to concern an aspect of adrenocortical function other than the pituitary-(ACTH) adrenal (cortisol) axis.…”

Section: Figure 5 Relationship Between Plasma Concentrations Of Angimentioning

confidence: 66%

Dexamethasone-suppressible hyperaldosteronism. Adrenal transition cell hyperplasia?

Connell¹,

Kenyon²,

Corrie³

et al. 1986

Hypertension

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SUMMARY Dexamethasone-suppressible hyperaldosteronism is a rare familial syndrome in which hypokalemia, suppression of plasma renin concentration, and elevated aldosterone secretion are corrected by treatment with glucocorticoids. Regulation of adrenocortical function and body electrolytes was studied in two affected brothers. Both were hypertensive (210/128 and 160/106 mm Hg) with hypokalemia (3.3 and 3.5 mM) and low plasma renin concentrations. Aldosterone was elevated intermittently with levels as high as 45 ng/dl (normal range, 4-16 ng/dl). Cortisol concentrations were normal but were correlated with aldosterone levels (r = 0.9 and 0.7). Concentrations of 11-deoxycorticosterone (19 and 21 ng/dl; normal range, 4-16 ng/dl) and 18-hydroxycortisol (1000 and 950 ng/dl; normal range, 34-150 ng/dl) were elevated, and diurnal changes in both were the same as those seen with aldosterone. Infusion of adrenocorticotropic hormone,_ 24 (ACTH) caused exaggerated increases of aldosterone, 11-deoxycorticosterone, and 18-hydroxycortisol; cortisol response was normal. A 4-week trial of dexamethasone normalized blood pressure and caused a natriuresis, a fall in aldosterone, and a rise in plasma renin. Administration of ACTH after dexamethasone treatment again caused exaggerated increases of aldosterone. Aldosterone did not respond to angiotensin II before dexamethasone therapy (r = 0.01), but it showed a normal response after therapy (r = 0.8, p<0.01). Neither administration of dopamine (1 /xg/kg/min) nor long-term therapy with bromocriptine (2.5 mg t.i.d. for 4 weeks) affected aldosterone biosynthesis. Thus, loss of dopaminergic inhibition of mineralocorticoid biosynthesis does not account for hyperaldosteronism in this condition. The abnormal pattern of steroid secretion in these brothers is consistent with a population of adrenocortical transition-type cells that secrete aldosterone in response to ACTH but not to angiotensin II and have biosynthetic characteristics of both zona glomerulosa and zona fasciculata cell types. These properties would explain the excess synthesis of 18-hydroxycortisol from a cell type that can uniquely hydroxylate steroid at both the 17 and 18 positions. (Hypertension 8: 669-676, 1986) KEY WORDS • hyperaldosteronism • cortisol • 18-hydroxycortisol 11-deoxycorticosterone * corticosterone EXAMETHASONE-suppressible hyperaldo-I I steronism is a familial form of hypertension A.^^ in which features of mineralocorticoid excess (hypokalemia, low plasma renin concentration) and elevated blood pressure remit during glucocorticoid treatment.13 Basal aldosterone secretion is increased 2 and aldosterone response to adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is exaggerated, 4 but the exact cause of these biochemical abnormalities, and indeed of the Received September 18, 1985; accepted January 28, 1986. hypertension itself, remains a matter for speculation. 56We studied two brothers with this condition and examined the effect of dexamethasone therapy on body sodium and potassium content. We also examined the effe...

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Section: Figure 5 Relationship Between Plasma Concentrations Of Angimentioning

confidence: 66%

Dexamethasone-suppressible hyperaldosteronism. Adrenal transition cell hyperplasia?

Connell¹,

Kenyon²,

Corrie³

et al. 1986

Hypertension

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“…Because about 70% of androstenedione is derived from adrenals, the pattern of androstenedione was similar to that of cortisol, even in the nocturnal lifestyle group, which was also supported by a previous study. 16) In the nocturnal lifestyle group, the cortisol concentration increased markedly at 21:00, possibly caused by some anxious anticipation of the subsequent nocturnal life and the continuous intake at night. On the other hand, the increase in cortisol concentration may be responsible for the decrease of free testosterone in the nocturnal lifestyle group by competing with testosterone for an SHBG binding site.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Testosterone (including testosterone and free testosterone), DHT and androstenedione are important androgens. Cortisol has a well definded circadian rhythm [15][16][17][18][19] and is related to androstenedione, which is produced by both the adrenals and testes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the nocturnal lifestyle was accepted by more and more young people, we tried to observe the differences in the circadian patterns of sex hormones and other relative hormones between subjects with diurnal and nocturnal lifestyles. Like melatonin and leptin, some sex hormones, [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] cortisol [15][16][17][18][19] and prolactin 19,20) also showed a circadian rhythm in normal conditions. These circadain rhythms are necessary for physiological roles and are affected by environmental input.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effects of Nocturnal Life on the Circadian Patterns of Sex Hormones in Young Healthy Men

Qin

Kaneko

et al. 2005

JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCE

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Irregular meals (mainly the skipping of breakfast) and inadequate sleep has become prevalent in young people. However, there has been inadequate attention on the adverse effects of this nocturnal life. We observed the 24-hr patterns of sex hormones and other relative hormones in ten medical students, with the randomized cross-over design, on either a diurnal life or a nocturnal life. The subjects on a diurnal life ate three meals (07:00, 13:00 and 19:00) and slept from 22:30 to 06:30. Nocturnal life was designed by skipping their breakfast but consuming a lot (> 50% of their daily food intake) in the evening and at night, sleeping from 01:30 to 08:30 the next morning. After three weeks in the experimental life, the 24-hr plasma concentrations of testosterone, free testosterone, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), androstenedione, prolactin, estrone, luteinizing hormone, cortisol and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) were measured every three hours. Plasma free testosterone and prolactin decreased, but cortisol increased when subjects followed the nocturnal life. In the diurnal lifestyle group, circadian rhythms were observed in the androgens (testosterone, free testosterone, DHT, androstenedione), prolactin, cortisol and SHBG in the cosinor analysis; however, circadian rhythms were almost extinguished in the nocturnal lifestyle group. Since sex hormones play important roles in the normal physiological condition, the effects of these changes in hormone concentration and its circadian rhythm should be considered and studied intensively.

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“…The demonstration of a large peak of plasma cortisol coinciding with the noon meal and a smaller peak after the evening meal gives evidence for the influence of meal timing on the daily plasma cortisol pattern (138)(139)(140). The mechanism by which ingestion of food stimulates cortisol secretion is unknown.…”

Section: Diurnal Rhythms Of the Hypothalamicpituitary-adrenal Axis Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food and the circadian activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis

Leal

Moreira

1997

Braz J Med Biol Res

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Temporal organization is an important feature of biological systems and its main function is to facilitate adaptation of the organism to the environment. The daily variation of biological variables arises from an internal time-keeping system. The major action of the environment is to synchronize the internal clock to a period of exactly 24 h. The lightdark cycle, food ingestion, barometric pressure, acoustic stimuli, scents and social cues have been mentioned as synchronizers or "zeitgebers". The circadian rhythmicity of plasma corticosteroids has been well characterized in man and in rats and evidence has been accumulated showing daily rhythmicity at every level of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Studies of restricted feeding in rats are of considerable importance because they reveal feeding as a major synchronizer of rhythms in HPA axis activity. The daily variation of the HPA axis stress response appears to be closely related to food intake as well as to basal activity. In humans, the association of feeding and HPA axis activity has been studied under physiological and pathological conditions such as anorexia nervosa, bulimia, malnutrition, obesity, diabetes mellitus and Cushing's syndrome. Complex neuroanatomical pathways and neurochemical circuitry are involved in feeding-associated HPA axis modulation. In the present review we focus on the interaction among HPA axis rhythmicity, food ingestion, and different nutritional and endocrine states. Correspondence

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Contrast Analysis for the Evaluation of the Circadian Rhythms of Plasma Cortisol, Androstenedione, and Testosterone in Normal Men and the Possible Influence of Meals

Cited by 49 publications

References 10 publications

Dexamethasone-suppressible hyperaldosteronism. Adrenal transition cell hyperplasia?

Dexamethasone-suppressible hyperaldosteronism. Adrenal transition cell hyperplasia?

The Effects of Nocturnal Life on the Circadian Patterns of Sex Hormones in Young Healthy Men

Food and the circadian activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis

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