Contrast-enhanced and microvascular ultrasound imaging features of testicular lymphoma: report of five cases and review literature

Abstract

Background To retrospectively investigate the grey-scale, Doppler, contrast-enhanced and microvascular ultrasound of five patients with primary testicular lymphoma of our institute through review literature analysis. Methods From January to November 2020, five patients with primary testicular lymphoma confirmed by histology were preoperatively investigated with a standardized sonographic protocol including contrast-enhanced and microvascular ultrasound. Results Conventional ultrasound showed localized hypoechogenicity represented with solitary (2 of 5), multiple lesions (2 of 5), or entire testicular involvement (1 of 5). Increased blood flow appeared in color Doppler ultrasound with straight vascular sign (4 of 5). In contrast-enhanced ultrasound images confirmed this pattern (4 of 5) and presented hyper enhancement with enlarged range. On microvascular ultrasound imagings, all lesions were presented with straight and parallel course of intralesional vessels (5 of 5). Conclusions Here, we identified an increased vascularity with enlarged range on contrast-enhanced ultrasound along with a linear nonbranching pattern by vascular sign on microvascular ultrasonographic of testicular lymphoma.

The findings on the CEUS of diffuse large B cell lymphoma in abdomen: A case report and literature review

“…Literature studies have suggested that testicular lymphoma is mostly characterized by rapid high-enhancement contrast-enhanced ultrasound, which is more extensive than gray-scale ultrasound. An 80% increase in blood flow shows a straight vessel pattern with nonbranched increased vascular hyperplasia ( 36 , 37 ). Most of the studies related to the diagnosis of extranodal organ lymphoma by CEUS are limited to the differentiation of other space-occupying lesions from benign or malignant.…”