Contrast-Enhanced Carotid MR Angiography with Commercially Available Triggering Mechanisms and Elliptic Centric Phase Encoding

Marco, J K De; Schonfeld, Steven; Keller, Irwin; Bernstein, Matt A.

doi:10.2214/ajr.176.1.1760221

Cited by 27 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…7,17 In the present study, not only the extracranial carotid bifurcation but also all the remaining vessel segments from the aortic arch to the circle of Willis were evaluated in comparison with x-ray angiography. The gold standard, x-ray angiography, was performed in an optimized form, ie, after the survey x-ray angiography, …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Resolution, Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Angiography With Elliptical Centric k-Space Ordering of Supra-aortic Arteries Compared With Selective X-Ray Angiography

Wutke

Lang

Fellner

et al. 2002

Stroke

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Background and Purpose-The objective of this study was to evaluate the relative value of high-resolution, contrastenhanced MR angiography (CE MRA) with elliptical centric k-space ordering compared with intra-arterial x-ray angiography for imaging carotid stenosis. Methods-Thirty patients with suspected stenosis of the carotid arteries were examined with CE MRA (1.5-T scanner) and x-ray angiography (aortic arch survey and selective imaging of both common carotid arteries). For the first time, not only the extracranial carotid bifurcation but all the vessel segments from the aortic arch to the circle of Willis were assessed by independent investigators. Results-For the internal carotid artery in the region of the extracranial carotid bifurcation, there was a very close correlation between CE MRA and x-ray angiography (sensitivity, 100%; specificity, 92%). The initially suspected overestimation of stenosis on CE MRA in 3 cases was ultimately revealed to be an underestimation on x-ray angiography. CE MRA showed slightly poorer imaging of the basal vessel segments at the level of the aortic arch (because of breathing artifacts) and the intracranial vessel segments (because of small vessel caliber and venous superimposition due to delayed sequence starts). Conclusions-The MRA technique described here provides reliable results in the diagnosis of carotid stenosis and is thus suitable for replacing the invasive conventional x-ray angiography method in most cases. Further technical developments with regard to spatial resolution are still required for improved visualization of small vessels (terminal carotid branches and intracranial vessels).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Resolution, Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Angiography With Elliptical Centric k-Space Ordering of Supra-aortic Arteries Compared With Selective X-Ray Angiography

Wutke

Lang

Fellner

et al. 2002

Stroke

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“…Fast gradient echo images are acquired at fixed time intervals (every one to two seconds) through the vessels of interest for approximately 60 seconds. To minimize time of flight effects, the 2D test bolus image should either be oriented in the plane of the vessel of interest (i.e., sagittal or coronal for the aorta), or alternatively, it can be relatively thick (>1 cm) with superior and inferior saturation bands or a blood‐nulling inversion prepulse (72).…”

Section: Bolus Timingmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D contrast‐enhanced MR angiography

Zhang

Maki

Prince

2006

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

138

103

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Safe, fast, accurate contrast arteriography can be obtained utilizing gadolinium (Gd) and 3D MR data acquisition for diagnosing vascular diseases. Optimizing contrast enhanced MRA (CE MRA), however, requires understanding the complex interplay between Gd injection timing, the Fourier mapping of 3D MR data acquisition and a multitude of parameters determining resolution, anatomic coverage, and sensitivity to motion artifacts. It is critical to time the bolus peak to coincide with central k-space data acquisition, which dominates image contrast. Oversampling the center of k-space allows reconstruction of multiple 3D acquisitions in rapid succession to time-resolve the passage of the contrast bolus. Parallel imaging increases resolution, shortens scan time and compresses the center of k-space into a shorter period of time, thereby minimizing motion and timing artifacts. Absence of ionizing radiation allows MRA to be repeated and combined with additional sequences to more fully characterize anatomy, flow, and physiology. Utilizing stepping table technology and thigh compression, whole body MRA is possible with a single contrast injection. As MR technology continues to advance, CE MRA becomes better and simpler to perform, increasing its efficacy in the diagnosis and management of vascular diseases.

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“…The shorter scan time had a profound effect in making bTFE less sensitive to motion artifact. MOTSA is more prone to motion artifact, as observed by DeMarco et al (10).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Initial experience with balanced turbo field echo in depicting carotid artery stenosis: Comparison with multiple overlapping thin slab acquisition and 3D contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance angiography

Gupta

Swaminathan

DeMarco

2005

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Purpose:To compare balanced turbo field echo (bTFE) with multiple overlapping thin slice acquisition (MOTSA) and contrast-enhanced MR angiography (CE-MRA) in depicting carotid artery stenosis. Materials and Methods:In this study 86 patients with cerebrovascular disease, who had been referred for a carotid examination, were imaged. All of the patients underwent MOTSA and one of four bTFE sequences followed by CE-MRA. Formatted maximum intensity projections (MIPs) and source images were read in a blinded fashion by a radiologist. Interand intrasequence statistical analyses were performed. Results:We first compared image quality (IQ) and fat, background, and venous suppression using four distinct bTFE protocols in 118 carotid arteries, and found that bTFE4 performed the best. We then compared IQ, grades of stenosis, and background and venous suppression among bTFE4, MOTSA, and CE-MRA. bTFE produced significantly better IQ and venous suppression (P Ͻ 0.001), and higher SNR and CNR (P Ͻ 0.05) when compared to MOTSA. Conclusion:The bTFE sequence is robust and provides high-quality images in patients with mild to moderate carotid artery stenosis. Even though there is a tendency to overestimate stenosis with bTFE compared to CE-MRA, the shorter scan time of bTFE coupled with enhanced SNR and CNR measurements validates it as a clinically useful adjunct to MOTSA, if not a replacement.

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Contrast-Enhanced Carotid MR Angiography with Commercially Available Triggering Mechanisms and Elliptic Centric Phase Encoding

Cited by 27 publications

References 13 publications

High-Resolution, Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Angiography With Elliptical Centric k-Space Ordering of Supra-aortic Arteries Compared With Selective X-Ray Angiography

High-Resolution, Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Angiography With Elliptical Centric k-Space Ordering of Supra-aortic Arteries Compared With Selective X-Ray Angiography

3D contrast‐enhanced MR angiography

Initial experience with balanced turbo field echo in depicting carotid artery stenosis: Comparison with multiple overlapping thin slab acquisition and 3D contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance angiography

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